Analysis Of Different Types Of Competition Economics Essay Free Essays

To travel markets back towards perfect competition, have to hold a really big figure of houses, complete freedom of entry, a homogenous merchandise and perfect cognition of the goods. In the short tally, the supranormal net incomes can be because there is no clip for new houses to prosecute the market. However, the supranormal net incomes will be competed by new houses in the long tally. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis Of Different Types Of Competition Economics Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the short tally, the demand curve and the supply curve is equal to fringy cost. In the long tally, monetary value is equal to hanker run mean cost. The perfect competition market is a monetary value taker, so the monetary value is non alteration. Monopoly In monopoly, has merely one house in an industry, restricted or wholly out of use freedom of entry, merely one alone merchandise. Barriers to the entry of new houses is apparent to protect a monopoly from rivals such as economic systems of graduated table, control over supplies of inputs or end products, patents or right of first publication, and tactics to extinguish challengers. Monopoly will acquire maximized monetary values. If the demand curve and cost curve of monopoly are the same of absolutely competitory industry, monopoly will bring forth less and halt at the higher monetary value than absolutely competitory industry to maintain their clients. Potential of rivals is of import such as a house ‘s monetary value and scheme. Monopolistic Competition In monopolistic competition, has a rather big figure of houses, unrestricted freedom of entry, has different sort of merchandises. In the short tally, the houses can gain supranormal net incomes because clients still want to purchase the merchandises even though the monetary value goes up. However, in the long tally, the demand curve will touch the long-term norm cost curve ; it means the monetary value goes up so clients do non desire to purchase the merchandises because their wages still the same degree. Therefore, the houses will non acquire more net incomes. Many houses under monopolistic competition can prosecute in non-price competition such as merchandise development and advertisement to keep an advantage over their challengers. Monopolistically competitory houses may hold higher costs than absolutely competitory houses, but clients can acquire different sort of merchandises. Monopolistically competitory houses possibly have fewer economic systems than monopolies and have less research and development, but they can maintain monetary values lower than under monopoly. Oligopoly In oligopoly, has few figure of houses, restricted freedom of entry, has apathetic merchandises or merchandise distinction. Besides the houses under monopolistic competition, there are assorted barriers to the entry but similar to under monopoly. Chapter four Market Structures Table Of Contentss Introduction†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . p. 1 Theory†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . pp. 2 – 3 Part I – Perfect Competition †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . pp. 4 – 7 Part II – Monopoly †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . pp. 8 – 10 Part III – Monopolistic Competition †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . pp. 11 – 13 Part IV – Oligopoly †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . pp. 14 – 15 Decision†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . p. 16 Mentions†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . p. 17 Introduction Presents, the market construction of the concern are plentiful and assorted. Classifying markets require each company or house have to understand item clearly to be after the right manner to make concern. As a consequence, market construction has four sorts: Perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition and oligopoly. It can be said, in any states which besides happen to positive and negative of each type. Therefore, chapter Four of Necessities of Economics is traveling to explicate four types of market construction. Besides, the competitions are between companies together is based on what sort of concern and the strength they have from each specific instance. This chapter besides give information about advantage and disadvantage of market construction because some sorts can acquire much net income merely and some sorts have to vie. In peculiar, each house will hold assorted schemes because they will hold assorted challengers and competitions. Theory The manner purchasers and providers interacts each other in the industry to make up one’s mind the monetary value and the measure is defined as market construction. There are 4 market constructions that have been used in the economic universe: Perfect competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic competition ( Imperfect competition ) and Oligopoly. Perfect competition is the free-entry market in which there are limitless purchasers and Sellerss called monetary value taker. They have no power to command the monetary value of the merchandises which merely based on demand and supply in the market. There is a market that has merely individual marketer. It is stated as Monopoly market where the monetary value is set by one marketer. Example: EVN, Petrolimex†¦ Monopolistic competition or Imperfect competition is similar to hone competition, which has a batch of Sellerss bring forthing a differentiated merchandise. Each can put its ain monetary value and measure ; nevertheless, they are excessively little to act upon the whole market monetary value and measure. Oligopoly is the market which has a little figure of Sellerss in the industry. At least one determination about the monetary value or the measure of one house can count to the others. Finally, when different purchasers buy the merchandise by different monetary value, that statement is defined as monetary value favoritism. In international trading, sometime it can do a dumping[ 1 ]. CASE STUDY Chapter 4 Market STRUTURES Part I PERFECT COMPETITION The economic system, in general, is all about competition. Competition is good because it makes clients to be a male monarch who can make up one’s mind what productions they will utilize and how quality is that. However, true aims of houses are n’t to do the clients to be a male monarch. What they try to make is maximise their net incomes. But in ‘perfect competition market ‘ , the fact is, houses can do supranormal net incomes in the short-term but in the long tally they wo n’t do any net incomes. They merely have adequate to remain in concern. Perfect competition is a market construction where all houses produce the same merchandise and noA producerA orA consumerA has the rightA or ability toA controlA theA market, A asA affect the monetary value. Perfect Competition is merely a theory that does n’t be in the existent universe because of so many conditions have to be met. However, there are markets that come near to perfect competition market if it has four following conditions. First, there are so many houses or manufacturers that participate in the market and none of them have a right to alter the market monetary value. For case, the market for rice in Vietnam is so broad. Regardless of one husbandman has produced 100 more kgs of rice, the rice market monetary value is still maintained the same. This status of each house being so little that they are undistinguished comparative to the market is what makes the MR curve horizontal or absolutely elastic.[ 2 ] Fringy Revenue curve[ 3 ] One house can bring forth a noticeable sum of end product but it is nil compared to the market. As a consequence, the extra end product the house produces can be sold at the same monetary value as smaller measures of end product. Second, it has to be the market where all houses are selling an indistinguishable merchandise produced in the same manner. When all houses produce an indistinguishable merchandise, they are called homogenous merchandises.[ 4 ]The premise about homogenous merchandises means that all houses will sell their merchandises at the same monetary value. If all the merchandises from different houses are indistinguishable, clients will choose houses by taking the lowest monetary value. Any house that set their monetary value higher than others will lose all its clients. Third, there is no limitation to come in or go out the market means that new houses can easy acquire into the industry every bit good as the older houses can acquire out. In long-term, this is really of import. New houses when they try to come in the industry, there is no other manner to vie with other houses beside of lower their monetary value to pull clients. The existing houses must follow the new lower monetary value in order non to lose clients and after that, supranormal net incomes are no more. That is the ground why in long tally, houses merely make adequate net incomes to remain in the concern. Finally, 4th conditions, is that all houses are to the full cognizant of monetary values, the manner of lower cost of production and market chances and clients know all about the monetary value, the quality of the merchandise at all times.[ 5 ]The economic expert called it by perfect cognition or perfect information. Although Perfect Competition does n’t be in any existent economic systems, it is an ideal economic that make the economic become better and more expeditiously. In other words, How to cite Analysis Of Different Types Of Competition Economics Essay, Essay examples

Contract It Comes To Statute Of Limitations â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Contract It Comes To Statute Of Limitations? Answer: Introducation: Contract is a legally binding document which contains a promise where one side of the contracting party undertakes a promise to fulfil to do certain task and the other side of the contracting party undertakes the promise to create legal relations (Latimer, 2012). The contract formation requires presence of certain components, which are the agreement component, i.e., offer and acceptance, followed by elements of consideration, consent, clarity, intention and capacity. In order to create a legally binding contract, there is a need for all of these components to be present, or else, the contract remains non-binding document (Clarke Clarke, 2016). The contract begins when an offer is made by one person to another person, in which the first person offers some conditions or terms to the second party. It is important that clarity is attained between an offer and an invitation to treat (Andrews, 2015). This is because an offer is a part of contract formation and is obligatory to be present for a contract to be valid, but the same is not the case when it comes to an invitation to treat. The offer shows that the parties want to create a contract and thus, have legal liabilities. However, an invitation to treat shows that the person wants to start up the negotiations (Ayres Klass, 2012). The differentiation between these two can be highlighted through different case laws. In Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company [1893] 1 QB 256, the court stated that a unilateral offer had been made as the acceptance could be attained merely by acting upon the offer and the acceptance did not require a communication. However, this is generally not the case and the commercials in the magazines or newspapers are deemed as an invitation to treat as was seen in Partridge v Crittenden [1968] 2 All ER 421. Where an invitation to treat has been made, the party who puts on something for sale, is not bound in a legal manner to fulfil the sale, and this was deemed by the court of law in Partridge v Crittenden [1968] 2 All ER 421 case (Latimer, 2012). The contract formation has another crucial agreement component of acceptance. The acceptance denotes that the party, to which the offer was made, accepts the terms of the offer. The acceptance needs to reach the offering party in a clear manner and a silence on the offer made is not an acceptance as was seen in Felthouse v Bindley (1862) EWHC CP J35 (Stone Devenney, 2017). It is important that the acceptance is properly told to the offer making party and is given on the offer which was made. In other words, if there is a change in the offer made, while the acceptance is being given, it is not considered as an acceptance and instead would be considered by the court as a counter offer. When such happens, the original offer expires as was held in Hyde v. Wrench (1840) 3 Beav 334 (Marson Ferris, 2015). The third requirement for creating a binding contract is the consideration. It is important that the contract has an element of consideration and it needs to have an economic value in it for it to be valid (Latimer, 2012). The context of the particular case decides the economic value component. For instance, the three wrappers were deemed as valid consideration in Chappell Co Ltd v Nestle Co Ltd [1960] AC 87. Another important point about consideration is that it needs to be adequate and not sufficient, and has to move towards the promisor (Mulcahy, 2008). Clarity regarding the terms of the contract is another crucial element in contract formation as it helps in avoiding ambiguity from the contract. There is also a need for the contracting parties to give a free consent to the contract, without the presence of elements like duress, undue influence and the like (Lambiris Griffin, 2016). The next component is that of capacity which denotes the need of the contracting parties to have the proper contracting capacity to enter into legal relations. This is in terms of the party being of sound mind and the parties having a legal age. The parties need to have the legal intention of creating lawful relations and need to know that by entering into the contract, they would be legally bound by it (Latimer, 2012). Contracts can be formed in both written and verbal manner and irrespective of the manner of formation of the contract, both have legal validity. In the written contracts, the terms on which the contract is being formed, is properly elaborated on a document, and the parties sign the contract. In a verbal contract, these very terms are verbally or orally exchanged, i.e., they are communicated in a manner of speaking. Thus, essentially, only the manner of documenting it differs, but both have legal validity in the eyes of law (Mau, 2010). Even though the written and verbal contracts have legal validity, it is always advised to go forward with a written contract and there are different reasons for the same. Amongst the different reasons for opting for a written contract is that it helps in removing the ambiguity regarding the contractual terms, which can otherwise be present in an oral or a verbal contract. One can always refer to the written contract for a particular term being stated and being stated in a particular manner, but the same cannot be done under an oral contract and thus, the nuances of the oral contract often lead to a dispute (Pendragon, 2014). Furthermore, the statutory legislations relating to the interpretation can be applied over the written contracts but the same is not possible for the oral contract as one cannot say for certain what the exact term of the oral contract was (Irby, 2016). Under the written contracts, the rights and obligations of the contracting parties are clearly provided, but the same is again not possible to be determined in a clear manner, particularly in case of a dispute, for an oral contract. Often, the written contracts cover terms that in case of dispute, a particular thing has to be undertaken. This further helps in solving a dispute in a quick manner under a written contract (Pendragon, 2014). Thus, under the oral contract, the chances of resolving the dispute in an amicable manner are not very high as each party keeps on contending that a particular point was not made, a particular point was made different, or the entire verbal contract was never drawn. An example of the verbal contract being denied to be present was the case of McGellin v Mount King Mining NL (1998) 144 FLR 288 (Austlii, 2017). For all such reasons, it becomes preferable to draw up a written contract. Formal contract can be best defined as such contract where the development of these required a specified manner of formation, for them to be enforceable. In general, the formal contract requires the contract to be signed by the contracting parties and be placed under a seal (Miller Cross 2015). There are different kinds of formal contracts, for instance, promissory notes, drafts, certificate of deposits and cheques. Depending upon the particular formal contract, the formalities of it are defined. The formation of a cheque, for instance, requires the stamp of the bank, the signature of the drawing party, the details of the bank and that of the amount for which the cheque is being drawn, and the date of signing the cheque, which makes the cheque valid only for a specified period of time since it was being drawn (Legal Services Commission, 2017). Was a valid contract created in this case, specifically due to the presence or absence of the component of intention? Where a contract was formed, were any remedies available for the non-breaching party? In the first section of this discussion, the different requirements for creating a contract were defined. Amongst these was the intention of the parties, which denotes that the parties are ready to create a binding agreement, which can make them liable legally. It is important that when a contract is being drawn, the parties want to create legal relations. The case of Trevey v Grubb (1982) 44 ALR 20 helps in clarifying the difference between a social and a legal contract. In this case, an entry coupon was filed by the individual on three members of syndicates behalf. The prize stated in the coupon was won but the defendant declined from sharing the prize money and cited that a social contract was present. In order to given the verdict in this case, the court made reliance on the verdict given under Simpkins v Pays [1955] 1 WLR 975 and presented the similarities between the two cases. There also similar thing took place and social context was cited as an excuse. And so, the court stat ed that a clear intention was present in this case, instead of presence of social setting, which led to a legally contract being created in this case. Accordingly, the court ordered the defendant to share the prize money in an equal manner between the three plaintiffs who had together bought the ticket (Gibson Fraser, 2013). A breach of contract takes place when the promise made as per the contract is not fulfilled by the contracting parties. When such happens, the aggrieved party can apply for both equitable and monetary remedies. Application The facts given in the case study of the question, are similar to that of the case of Simpkins v Pays and Trevey v Grubb. In this case also, a social arrangement was being cited as the reason to evade the contract being as a lawfully valid one. However, the similarity between the quoted cases and this case proves that an intention of creating a lawfully binding contract was clearly present in the case study as each of the parties in the case study had made a contribution towards the purchase of the lottery ticket. And so, this would show that the parties indeed wanted to create a contract. The group which purchased the ticket cannot deny sharing of the prize money or else, they would be made liable for a breach of contract. And as per the verdict given in the two quoted cases, the court would order the ticket purchasing group to share the prize money equally with the other groups. To sum it up, it is very clear that a contract had been formed in this case as a result of presence of the intention of creating legal relations between the parties. And based on the quoted cases, the ticket purchasing group would have to share the prize money equally or would be made liable for a breach of contract. Agency law is a common law which regulates over the liability raised from the work of the agent towards the principal, and this liability is raised for the third party, with whom, the agent interacted. The raison d'tre for making the principal liable, stems from the representation of the agent of the principal in front of the third party. Born from this common law is the concept of vicarious liability. As per this concept, the employer is to be made accountable towards a third party for the work done by their employee, as the employee represents the employer in front of such third party. The presence of this concept makes it important to distinguish between an agent and an independent contractor (Thampapillai et al, 2015). An agent is such an individual who works on behalf of the principal and for whose actions, the principal is liable. However, an independent contractor is someone, whose services are undertaken, usually under a contract, for fulfilling a particular task. And for this very task undertaken by them, the liability is their own. The independent contractor use their own equipments to do the task, at the timings which suit them, and in the manner they deem fit. However, when it comes to the agents, the principal provides the equipments, the work hours are regulated by the principal and they have to do the work on the basis of authority provided to them. Due to such control, the principal is made liable and this makes it necessary to differentiate between the agent and an independent contractor (Miller Jentz, 2007). References Andrews, N. (2015). Contract Law (2nd ed.). UK: Cambridge University Press Austlii. (2017). Thomas Paul Mcgellin Ors v Mount King Mining Nl (Acn 060 118 201) Anor [1998] WASC 96 (7 April 1998). Retrieved from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/cases/wa/WASC/1998/96.html?context=1;query=McGellin%20v%20Mount%20King%20Mining%20NL Ayres, I., Klass, G. (2012). Studies in Contract Law (8th ed.). New York: Foundation Press Clarke, P., Clarke, J (2016). Contract Law: Commentaries, Cases and Perspectives (3rd ed.). South Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Gibson, A., Fraser, D. (2014). Business Law 2014 (8th ed.). Melbourne: Pearson Education Australia. Irby, L. (2016). What is a Written Contract When It Comes to Statute of Limitations?. Retrieved from: https://www.thebalance.com/written-contract-961146 Lambiris, M., Griffin, L. (2016). First Principles of Business Law 2016. Sydney: CCH. Latimer, P. (2012). Australian Business Law 2012 (31st ed.). Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. Legal Services Commission. (2017). Paying and collecting a cheque. Retrieved from: https://www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch10s05s02s01.php Legal Services Commission. (2017). Paying and collecting a cheque. Retrieved from: https://www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch10s05s02s01.php Marson, J., Ferris, K. (2015). Business Law (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mau, S.D. (2010). Contract Law in Hong Kong: An Introductory Guide. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. Miller, R., Jentz, G. (2007). Cengage Advantage books: business law today: the essentials (8th ed.). Mason, OH: Thompson Higher Education. Miller, R.L. Cross, F.B. (2015). The Legal Environment Today (8th ed.). Stanford, CT: Cengage Learning. Mulcahy, L. (2008). Contract Law in Perspective (5th ed.). Oxon: Routledge. Pendragon. (2014). The Benefits Of A Written Contract. Retrieved from: https://pendragon.net.au/benefits-written-contract-2/ Stone, R., Devenney, J. (2017). The Modern Law of Contract (12th ed.). Oxon: Routledge. Thampapillai, D., Tan, V., Bozzi, C., Matthew, A. (2015). Australian Commercial Law. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.

Novel Heart of Darkness Essay Example For Students

Novel Heart of Darkness Essay The relationship between the living Conrad and his fictional character Marlow has been analysed repeatedly since the novel was published to try to establish how far the author actually identified with his creation. While it has often been suggested that the narrative can be explained by reference to Conrads own life11, giving the novel an autobiographical emphasis, it could be argued that as a work of fiction the alignment of the authors own opinions with his principle character is irrelevant to the reading of the text itself. However, Marlows role as a narrator reinforces exactly why the presence of Conrad in his writing is both necessary and historically relevant to the novel. We will write a custom essay on Novel Heart of Darkness specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Just as Conrads own experiences on the Congo allowed him to reconstruct and remould his fictional counterpart, so Marlow as the storyteller is able to juxtapose events and impressions to relive a fictional present12. Marlows restructuring of his experiences make the reader aware that some kind of past history, or experience is being poured into the narrative, echoing that of Conrads own as Marlow expresses, it is impossible to convey the life-sensation of any given epoch of ones existence- that which makes its truth, its meaning-its subtle and penetrating essence13. So the reader is simultaneously drawn into the narrative by the historical pull of human experience while being distanced by its fictive barriers. Conrad himself described the story in 1902 as mainly a vehicle for conveying a batch of personal impressions14 while admitting that it could be described as experience pushed a little (and only a very little) beyond the actual facts of the case. This demonstrates the complicated intertwining of fact and fiction involved in the writing of such a novel. While Conrad was able to express his own disillusionment with the systems he had experienced through his representations of Marlow and Kurtz, it can be shown that he is subject to his own criticisms by the very aspect of those experiences. Despite his strongly critical portrayal of white man and colonial victories, Conrad has often been accused of racism in his literature, and evidence of which, (whether conscious, or unconsciously displayed) helps to show why it is therefore difficult to separate a work of literature from its historical source of writing. In Heart of Darkness the allegory for the psychological journey to the heart of the human mind is bound inseparably to the physical one related by Marlow and experienced by Conrad in reality. If the story is to be read only as a metaphor which discovers the horrors and corruption lurking at the bottom of mans heart, the implications of using Africa as an external parallel, for a physical setting to match the inner darkness16reveal that despite Conrads attempts to subvert colonialism he betrays his own prejudices from the outset. While Conrad has been described as a man of his times17 holding prevalent western attitudes such as that primitive people were morally inferior to civilised ones, Marlows corresponding attitudes can be identified by his reaction to the Africans and in particular the cannibals in aligning the two. His sympathy for the black race is reflected in the negative portrayal of white man yet the superficial nature of his sympathies are revealed when he encounters the cannibals. He expresses his horror that there might be some connection between them and himself, admitting Well, you know that was the worst of it- this suspicion of their not being inhuman. Again, it is the undertone of colonial prejudice breaking through the surface gloss of compassion which Conrad has allowed Marlow to display. While he feels sorry for them when he sees them dying, when he sees them healthy, he feels nothing but abhorrence and loathing19. Conrads ambivalent attitudes towards colonialism are therefore revealed not just through Marlows ironic narrative technique but by the underlying tone of colonial prejudices which pervade the imagery of the novel. .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a , .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a .postImageUrl , .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a , .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a:hover , .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a:visited , .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a:active { border:0!important; } .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a:active , .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Eddie and Mickey and evaluates the situation EssayThe stark contrasts of white and black, light and shade, presented in the imagery of the novel function in a very specific way through the designation of roles, the creation and disintegration of stereotypes, and the assertion of hegemonies in the discourse. Conrads portrayal of Africa as the blank space20 on the map which then becomes a place of darkness21 ready for western discovery and domination initiates the assignment of metaphorical colouring. However, as Chinua Achebe pointed out the mystery and shadow cast by Conrads portrayal of Africa was and is the dominant image of Africa in the western imagination22and reinforces Conrads position as a product of this mass consciousness. As the metaphor is extended to the associations of good and evil accompanying this imagery, it is clear that Africa has been consigned to a symbol for an evil and primeval force23 within this westernised structuring of stereotypes. In his portrayal of the African women as like the wilderness itself, with an air of brooding he both places her in the context of colonial domination of land and subordinates her to the depravity associated within the imagery of darkness. While the balance of fiction and fact contributing to Heart of Darkness blur the boundaries between critical commentary and aesthetic or artistically based literature, the novel is constantly subject to the conditions present during its creation. Benita Parrys claim that what Marlow sees belongs not to history but to fantasy may be true but despite Conrads literary and political intentions, his western preconceptions appear to be daubed throughout the novel, particularly in his portrayal of Africa and Africans. The distancing of himself from any direct narrative responsibility almost reinforces the presence of Conrad within the novel and while his authorial role should not direct a reading of the text, his alignment and identification with Marlow does add a dimension to its analysis. Finally, the ambivalence with which the novel approaches attitudes towards colonialism demonstrates how important the respective roles of historical and modernist contexts are in uncovering the complex layering of narrative voices. In this way Heart of Darkness produces a critical reflection on the very forms of consciousness it illuminates25and by doing so self-consciously acknowledges its own debt to historical context, whilst echoing the patterning of past, present and future which create the literary as well as literal temporality both in art and life.

Osmosis Potato Lab Report Biology Essay Example

Osmosis Potato Lab Report Biology Paper If the two solutions are of equal concentrations, they will be isotonic. If the concentrations are unequal, the solution with the higher concentration is hypersonic, and the solution with the lower concentration is hypotonic. What is the solute concentration of potatoes? We can determine this by conducting an experiment in which involves the process of osmosis. Potatoes are full of sucrose used for energy storage in plants. Sucrose is a carbohydrate found in food. It is a disaccharide, with a combination of fructose and glucose. Consumers break sucrose down into two inconsistencies so they can be absorbed more easily onto the blood. Sucrose is too large of a molecule to diffuse through a semi- permeable membrane, and therefore needing to be broken down so they can move in and out of cells effectively. If potatoes are placed in a solute containing sucrose, then a concentration gradient would be present and the process of osmosis would naturally occur by moving water through the semi-permeable membranes. If the concentration of sucrose in the solution is less than the concentration of sucrose found in the potato, then the potato would decrease in mass. We will write a custom essay sample on Osmosis Potato Lab Report Biology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Osmosis Potato Lab Report Biology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Osmosis Potato Lab Report Biology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The opposite would occur as well, if the concentration of sucrose in the elution is more than that of the potato, then the potato would expand and gain in mass. In conducting this as an experiment, we can determine what the solute concentration of potatoes is. Materials The materials used to conduct this experiment are as follows: * Potato * Test-tube Rack * one loom Beaker * One ml Beaker * Distilled Water * Paper Towels * Marker for Test Tubes * 1 mol/L Sucrose Solution * 2 Pipettes * 10 ml Graduated Cylinder * Electronic Balance * Test Tubes * Razor Blade/Scalpel Figure 1. : Cutting of potatoes, weighing of potatoes, and potatoes placed in sucrose solution. In figure 1. 0, we can see that the potatoes were cut with a scalpel into thin slices so they could fit the test tubes appropriately. Then their mass was recorded using the electronic scale. They were placed into the test tubes containing sucrose and were to be left on the test tube rack over a 24 hour radius. The next day, the potato slices were to be taken out and measured again. Safety Considerations It is important for one to be careful using sharp instruments. When there were higher concentrations of sucrose solution, the potato decreased in weight. This is due to the fact that the potato was hypersonic in comparison to the potato. Through osmosis, sucrose from the potato moved along the concentration gradient out and into the test tube making the potato hypotonic. When the potato was distributed into 0. 2 mol/L of sucrose solution, there was no change in weight. This was due to the fact that both were isotonic, and with this, we can infer that the potato contains 0. 2 mol/L of sucrose solution. Discussion and Analysis The percentage of change in mass if the sucrose solution had the same solute concentration as the potato section would be 0%. This is due to the fact that the change in mass occurs in osmosis. Osmosis occurs when an area of higher concentration is trying to get to an area of lower concentration in a semi- ramble solution. If the concentrations are the same, being isotonic, there would be no osmosis occurring, and therefore no change in mass. This occurred when there was a 0. 2 mol/L concentration of the sucrose solution, therefore we can justify that the potato had that same concentration. Figure 1. 4: Graph Results After OH in Solute Concentration With Labeled Hypotonic, Hypersonic, Isotonic The above graph is similar to that of Figure 1. 3, but this has labeled which solutions were hypersonic to the potato cytoplasm, which were hypotonic, and which was isotonic. As the concentration of the sugar increases, the more mass the potatoes would lose. This would make the potato hypersonic. This is because when potatoes are in sugar solution that is of a higher concentration of sugar than the cell sap, (cytoplasm in a plant cell), the water moves out of the cell causing the reduction in mass. Opposite of this, when the potatoes are in a lower sugar concentration than their cell sap, the concentration of water is higher outside the cell so the water moves in the cell causing the potatoes to gain mass through the process of osmosis. This would make the potato hypotonic. When the sucrose solution was at 0. 2 mol/L however, the mass stayed the same because the concentrations were the same. This means that the potato and the sucrose solution were isotonic. Practical Application Fluids that are the same solute concentration as human blood are isotonic. We want this so that cells in our body wont else, or break. If the inside of the cell has less solutes and more solvent, the solvent inside, (water), would diffuse out of the cell by going down the concentration gradient, which would make this hypersonic, causing the blood cells to shrivel and become insufficient. On the other hand, if the inside of the cell has more solutes and less solvent, the solvent outside would diffuse into the cell with the same process potentially causing the blood cell to burst due to it being hypotonic. As mentioned earlier, we know that mass will not change if concentrations of a solute and a solvent are the same, or that are isotonic. If we were to prepare a solute with the same concentration as the potato, 0. 2 mol/L, and to leave it in the solution for 24 hours, we could expect that there would be no change in mass. This being due to the fact that they have he concentrations, and not needing to move along the concentration gradient because they are already of equal concentrations. Grass contains water and the salt does not. When the grass comes into contact with salt, the water escapes and travels into the salt. This is because plant cells have a high concentration of water whereas the salt has low concentrations. Due to osmosis, the water solution in the grass of which is of higher concentration moves to the area of lower concentration in the salt to try to make their concentrations equal. This process in turn causes the grass to dry out and die. Sources of Error Equipment errors include: 100 ml beaker: +/- 0. 05 ml 50 ml beaker: +/- 0. 2 ml 10 ml graduated cylinder: +1-0. 05% 10 ml pipette: 0. 02 ml analytical balance: +/- 0. Eggs Human error could include a variety of things. One could simply read a measurement wrong when filling the test tubes with solution. One could calculate incorrectly by typing in the wrong number. If one fails to put the potatoes into each test tube at the same time, the results could be off ever so slightly. Environmental factors could change results as well, if temperature i s higher than room temperature, osmosis could occur faster than usual. Conclusion In conclusion it was proven that on average, the potatoes that were in the test tube containing little to no sucrose solution gained in mass, and those that were in test tubes containing more or only sucrose had a decrease in mass. Results could have been more accurate if all of the potatoes were placed in each test tube and taken out of each at the exact same time. This would mean that the potatoes would have the same time contacting with the sugar solution. Another way results could have been more accurate would be if each potato was cut into the same shape and size. If the potatoes all had the same mass, then results would be more specific and accurate. It also depends on how the thickness differentiates from potato to potato. If there was one potato thicker than the other, then it may make a difference in how long it takes for the osmosis to occur. If we were to do the experiment again and take the average of both sets of results then it may be more accurate as well. When a plant cell is placed in a solution containing a higher concentration of solute, the water in the cell would move towards the solution. The plant cell would shrink and the flower would wilt.

Princess Dianas Death & the M essays

Princess Diana's Death & the M essays Princess Diana vs. the Paparazzi: How Far Is Too Far? It was not the death of Princess Diana that world craved to know about, but the circumstances that surrounded the way in which she died. I remember the day Princess Diana died as if it were yesterday. I came home from a party a little worried about getting in trouble because I came in late. Instead of coming in to my Mom yelling at me about being late, I come into my mom crying and watching the news on television. She tells me that Princess Diana had died and they believe that it was the fault of the paparazzi following her limo with Princess Diana and her new boyfriend. With in the next few days the paparazzi became the main blame for the death of one of the most amazing people of the time. After this there was no way to rid of the story of Princess Dianas death. Every which way a person turned; the story was all over the newspapers, television and radio. It was an obsession to so much of the public but the media then took it to a new level. Richard Lambert says, What was startling and even sinister was the way that the media fed off that response and helped to create a mood which seemed almost cult-like in its intensity. Ellen Hume says, This isnt about stalkarazzis going to far for the picture of the moment it is about journalists going the wrong way entirely. They are confusing journalism with sport. At the time before her death the paparazzi were taking everything too far. Every paper wanted to be better than the next and to get that they had to do the unthinkable. It was pushed to far and ended fatally. Journalism did change for a period of time where it was not pushed to extremes due to such a tragic event. The media could try to act like there would never be such a fuss over a story and it would not go to such extremes. But this could not and did not last. The paparazzi have gone back to...

Cultural Economy of the Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Cultural Economy of the Media - Essay Example A study of 540 students at the Carnegie Mellon University reveals that 89% of students at this institution gave their real names, and 61% of students managed to upload their real photos in the social networking site of Facebook (May, 2013). These users did not alter their privacy settings, and therefore it was possible to access their information publicly. On this note, therefore, Facebook has come under criticisms for failure of providing adequate privacy options for its various users. These criticisms arise on the background that the information that users provide can cause serious security problems to the individual concerned and to the country as a whole. The social network sites also process enormous information on a daily basis. Features in these social network sites, such as open platform applications, invitations, messages, and photos are avenues in which the private information of a user is made public. To protect users from inappropriate use of their information/data, it is important to enact measures that will regulate the nature of information that the public can view (Austin, 2003). The criterion of choosing this kind of information should be on the background of the effect the data can cause to the individual if it is exposed to the public. This paper analyzes the roles of privacy in the social networking sites. In analyzing these roles, this paper uses Helen Nissenbaum’s theory of privacy, known as the contextual integrity theory. It also identifies the specific European Union and UK privacy laws that seek to regulate the privacy of an individual, and it demonstrates the business interests of these social networks in relation to the information they control. This paper has a conclusion, which is a summary of the main points addressed in it. Privacy in a social networking site protects the information of an individual from being used by people who are not authorised to use the information (Ritzer and Jurgenson, 2010). The current trends in regard to gathering data and disseminating the same by data collecting companies involve the perusals of information from social networking sites. The intention of these companies is to sell the information to marketing companies. On most occasions, they collect and use this information without the knowledge of its owners. According to the contextual integrity theory, this amounts to a breach of an individual’s privacy. According to this theory, it is impossible for an individual to have complete privacy. On this basis, therefore, people will share their personal information, as long as there are certain principles that govern the nature in which they share their personal information (Pollach, 2005). However, if these principles are contravened, without the permission of the parties involved, then a breach of privacy has occurred. Take, for example, these data collecting companies, accessing the information of an individual through their social networking account, and using t he information they gain to produce a marketing campaign without their knowledge. According to the contextual integrity theory, this is a breach of an individual’s privacy. This theory further goes on to identify two types of behaviors that determine whether there is a breach of an individual’s privacy or not (Mowlabocus, 2004). These norms are the norms of distribution and that of appropriateness.

Two Cultural Practices Among The Yanomamo Essay

Two Cultural Practices Among The Yanomamo - Essay Example He describes them as a society constantly â€Å"living in a state of chronic warfare† (p. 22). The purpose of this paper is therefore to show that contrary to popular portrayal of the Yanomamo as a community dominated by senseless violence, instances of warfare are only sporadic and waged for specific purposes (Harris, 1979). In expounding on this view, the paper will look at two main cultural practices among the Yanomamo society that shapes their beliefs and practices as a people. Festivals as a cultural practice Festivals play an important role among the Yanomamo people, and are part and parcel of their culture. They are important to the Yanomamo people because they serve both social and political functions. They are held to cultivate and reaffirm friendships among the villages. Feasting among the Yanomamo involves the sharing of meals, which in a larger extent, symbolizes the sharing of goods through trade and other economic practices that are prevalent among the Yanomamo. These festivities are therefore used to form a social bond among the tribes, despite their warring nature, and to honor and appease the spirits of their ancestors. The Yanomamo people practice a lot of festivities and rituals which include hunting rituals, marriage festivals, songs and dance festivals, and the hugely shocking endocannibalist ritual, which involves the consumption of a deceased’s ashes. ... The hunting festival plays an important role among the Yanomamo culture. They practice two main hunting festivals, the â€Å"rami† which provides them with meat, and the â€Å"heniyomou† which is practiced by the whole community collectively for special guests (Micheli, 2011). The festival is carried out in the evenings and is characterized by songs and dances. Here the young men are required to compose songs amidst laughter from the older members of the society. Whereas the Yanomamo consider marriage to be an important event in their culture, they have no actual marriage ceremonies. The Yanomamo marriage is basically a handing over affair as the suitors were already predetermined by the parents of the girl when she was at a tender age (Micheli, 2011). Such marriages are usually organized as a means of creating alliances with the men and other tribes. Perhaps the most elaborate and well organized festivity/ritual among the Yanomamo is their funeral ceremonies. To the Ya nomamo, death is a great source of grief and anger, no matter the age, gender or position of the deceased, to the whole society. This is because they believe the cause of such death results from sorcery or witchcraft from the rival tribes (Fergusson, 2001). They thus mourn their dead with passion, and mark a ritual where they cremate their dead and ingest the remains of the deceased. This form of endocannibalism is a unique feature among the Yanomamo, who believe by ingesting the remains of the dead member of the society they are preserving his spirit within the society. The major significance of these festivities among the Yanomamo was that they acted as social activities where the community