The Life Times of Alexander the Great Essay Example For Students

The Life Times of Alexander the Great Essay iii Presentation Alexander the extraordinary had an effect on world history that couple of people can declare to have done. He controlled the entirety of the known world, and perhaps the biggest realm ever. His men were the first westerners to experience stories of the Yeti. They even found and grouped new sorts of widely varied vegetation, for example, the red shape that developed on their bread while they were in Asia, and caused it to show up as though it were dying. He extended the Hellenist range of prominence to the farthest reaches of the globe. At the point when the lord of Greece visited the British state of India around the turn of the century, the pilgrim government had some local Indian moves showed for him. He was stunned when he right away perceived the moves as a similar collect moves that his kindred Greeks performed close Thessalonika. This was the expansiveness of Alexanders effect on many various societies around the globe. All through the entire of Europe, Asia, and North Africa, accounts of this incredible man have been passed on from age to age consistently. Much of the time Alexander has even taken on a superhuman air, and numerous incredible legends have been founded on his life. When Julius Caesar visited Alexandria, he solicited to see the body from the best warrior ever Alexander the Great. Such was Alexanders notoriety, ready to intrigue even the incredible Caesar. He was, undoubtedly, one of the most surprising men that at any point strolled the substance of this Earth. What's more, this is the story of his life. 1 The Life and Times of Alexander the Great The narrative of Alexander the Great is one of fearlessness, virtuoso, and extraordinary achievement; be that as it may, it is likewise fairly a ambivalent one, finishing with his grievous passing during an amazing prime, at thirty-two. Alexander was destined to Philip II of Macedon and Olympias, his main spouse, in 356 BCE, mpic Games. Only three years sooner, Philip had climbed to the seat after the passing of his more seasoned sibling, Perdikkas1, and named the city of Philipi after himself. Presently, at the period of twenty, he met Olympias at a strict function on the island of Samothrace. Olympias was of the Mystery Religions, and was started at an early age. She spent her time at wild bashes during which snakes were folded over the admirers appendages. She kept this custom of laying down with snakes all through her union with Philip. What's more, she yielded thousand of creatures to her specific god or goddess every year. Strangely enough, she had a brutal streak typically normal just to the Greek men of her time. All through her vocation she was no more slow than her male adversaries to slaughter off foes who appeared to undermine her. Olympias, accepting that she was plummeted from Achilles, and being of imperial Epeirosian blood herself, imagined that she was properly qualified for regard from Philip as his sovereign. Therefore Olympias was continually resentful about Philips long avoids home. This resentment was particularly coordinated towards his torrid undertakings with the closest nubile 2 whithered stray. At the hour of Alexanders birth, Philip was associated with a crusade to vanquish the Illyrian regions in fight and join them into the Greek realm that he was working for himself. In that month, Philip gotten three messages bearing great with hardly a pause in between: his triumph over the Illyrians, Alexanders birth, and Macedonian triumph in the Olympic races. Alexander looked like his mom more than his dad. It was in memory of Macedonias most prominent lord, Alexander I, that Alexander was named. Philip, as of now occupied with an arrangement for the triumph of Greece and in the end portions of Asia, had high trusts in his firstborn child to in the long run proceed in his strides. In the next year Alexanders just kin, a sister named Cleopatra, was conceived. Alexander likely had no memory of his dad having both of his eyes, on the grounds that Philip lost his eye raging an Athenian stronghold. During Alexanders early years, he was looked out for by a man named Leonidas2. .u9e9952b6069d983c46493f67e040af90 , .u9e9952b6069d983c46493f67e040af90 .postImageUrl , .u9e9952b6069d983c46493f67e040af90 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u9e9952b6069d983c46493f67e040af90 , .u9e9952b6069d983c46493f67e040af90:hover , .u9e9952b6069d983c46493f67e040af90:visited , .u9e9952b6069d983c46493f67e040af90:active { border:0!important; } .u9e9952b6069d983c46493f67e040af90 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u9e9952b6069d983c46493f67e040af90 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u9e9952b6069d983c46493f67e040af90:active , .u9e9952b6069d983c46493f67e040af90:hover { murkiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u9e9952b6069d983c46493f67e040af90 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .u9e9952b6069d983c46493f67e040af90 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enhancement: underline; } .u9e9952b6069d983c46493f67e040af90 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u9e9952b6069d983c46493f67e040af90 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-embellishment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9e9952b6069d983c46493f67e040af90:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u9e9952b60 69d983c46493f67e040af90 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u9e9952b6069d983c46493f67e040af90-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u9e9952b6069d983c46493f67e040af90:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Poem Analysisi Essay Leonidas saw to all of Alexanders training and tutelage in many differed subjects including: composing, geometry, perusing, number juggling, music, toxophilism, horseback riding, lance, and different kinds of sports. Alexanders nursemaid was a charming noble man whose name was Lysimachos, who won Alexanders heart at an early age by playing creative mind games with Alexander and his companions: Ptolemy, Harpalos, Nearchos, Hephaistion, and Erigyios. At the point when Alexander arrived at the mature age of thirteen, Philip concluded it was the ideal opportunity for Alexander to get a higher instruction better befitting his young beneficiary. Looking all through his domain, Philip was fortunate enough to discover .

Triad Leadership Model at System Level

Question: Examine about the Triad Leadership Model at System Level. Answer: The three degrees of the administration model the general population, private and the individual initiative consolidates the qualities of the authority and empowers the prompts lead and apply the authority hypotheses suitably (Komives and Wagner, 2016). An individual administration model has been created which suits to the hierarchical turn of events. As indicated by the administration hypothesis the individual authority can be alluded to as the specialized, mental and the moral conduct or advancement of a pioneer. The individual authority model features these characteristics and traits of a pioneer and the improvement stages which the pioneers need to concentrate on so as to build up the individual administration properties. Here my own administration model has been created. Reason The basic role of my authority model is to feature the significance of the validity, initiative characteristics, values and so on being a pioneer. The strategic my initiative model is to be participative and to result situated. Through this model my point is to build up my administration aptitudes and execute my abilities to facilitate the abilities and capacities of my group and produce the ideal yield. This model spotlights on the zones of the initiative hypothesis morals, multiculturalism and the collaboration which is exceptionally significant for the cutting edge business condition to create the ideal authoritative objectives. This model empowers the pioneer just as the supporter to follow the ideas of the administration hypothesis like the self dependable, work strengthening, participative dynamic, asset sharing, being investigative and so forth (Hong et al, 2016). Character The character of my administration model features morals and multiculturalism. Being moral is one among the significant characteristic of the pioneer. The good and moral dynamic will empower the director or a pioneer to deal with the work environment viably and to bring feasible yield from the representatives. Moral qualities and the ethical conduct will shape the character of the pioneer and his subordinates so they can deliver positive outcomes viably. Executing multiculturalism in a work environment is fundamental for overseeing and keeping up the various work place viably. Through this authority model an act of regard and asset sharing is rehearsed inside the work place. Every close to home under this administration model is considered as the part o a solitary family and is dealt with equivalent. This model restricts any kind of ethnic or social segregation which impacts the character and the presentation o the people inside the work place (Batcheller, 2016). Execution The essential goal of my initiative model is to upgrade my efficiency just as my colleagues. Just if the presentation is improved the association objectives and goals will be met and subsequently it assumes an essential job in my initiative model. This authority model is result situated and centers around the profitability, asset sharing, remuneration, relationship arranged and so forth. Through asset sharing the representatives will get significant information for finishing the work adequately (Larsson, 2016). It turns into the obligation of the pioneer to distribute essential assets to the representatives applicable to their tendency o work with the goal that the presentation can be improved. On the off chance that the asset distribution is given appealing motivation and pay plans, at that point the hierarchical objectives can be accomplished viably. Aside from this the individual relationship with in the work spot can impact the worker execution. Consequently it is basic for the p ioneers to be cognizant about the work place practices and conduct of the representatives. A cordial working climate ought to be produced (Schmitt, Hartog and Belschak, 2016). Individuals Individuals or the HR are the unavoidable piece of the well working o the association. Just in the event that the association is advanced with adequate number of expected workers, at that point no one but it can accomplish the association objectives and targets. Inspiring the human asset is imperative for the viable business activities and working of the association. This authority model spotlights on the cooperation and group elements for spurring the representatives. Through this compelling asset sharing and coordination can be actualized. For rousing the workers towards the accomplishment of the association just as the individual objectives appropriate remunerating framework, acknowledgment, work strengthening are rehearsed under this initiative model. Through this model the pioneer can concentrate on spur the representatives through satisfactory preparing and advancement (Madison et al, 2016). Henceforth through the four parts of this individual administration model reason, character, execution and individuals, I can improve my specialized, social and moral qualities also as can build up those aptitudes in my subordinates The primary sorting out thought The essential sorting out thought in this authority model is to produce a participative work place. Because of the globalization, the work place has gotten various and it got basic for the pioneers to deal with the work place all the more viably. This individual initiative model displays some authority attributes like participative, explanatory, visionary, planning and so on. The vision of the initiative model is to build up the administration without anyone else through considering the four significant perspectives individuals, execution, reason and character and to manage and build up the devotees and different pioneers of the association. The essential goal off this model is to get the hierarchical objectives adequately (Esquivel et al, 2017). The most significant attributes, abilities and undertakings of a powerful pioneer At the point when the attributes of the compelling initiative are thought about my administration model indicates the accompanying authority characteristics. High vitality level Group direction Compassion Responsibility Certainty Idealism Trustworthiness Alongside these administration attributes my initiative model likewise indicates that the pioneers ought to likewise have a few abilities which separate them to be a viable pioneer (Komives and Wagner, 2016). A successful pioneer ought to have great relational abilities, serious extent of employability aptitudes, information and important experience with the goal that he can deal with the work place compelling. My administration model determines these initiative characteristics, aptitudes and capacities and its importance for overseeing work place. The essential assignments of the pioneer as per my initiative model is to empower participative association culture, persuading representatives and planning, being moral and good towards the sub ordinates. The fundamental beliefs the individual initiative model The essential guiding principle of my administration model are to have right initiative disposition in driving and planning the individuals. Just if the pioneer has a decent expert demeanor, it will consider his adherents. Another basic belief which my initiative model determines is the fortitude and hazard the executives capacity of the pioneer. Another worth which can be examined is the regard which is fundamental for actualizing a participative work place. The pioneer just as the adherents should regard and give need to the thoughts and assessments of others with the goal that a sound authoritative culture can be created and executed (Jensen, Neck. furthermore, Beaulieu, 2016). The administration rehearsed in my initiative model is looking to accomplish a participative work place. Through this model significance is given to every worker for their assessment and thoughts. A work place which advances sense of pride, acknowledgment and so forth is planned. Through this the representatives and the pioneers can guarantee their own turn of events (Kampen et al, 2016). At the point when my administration model is executed in the work place it can profit the association from multiple points of view. The representatives can turn out to be increasingly innovative as they are furnished with a chance to communicate their own thoughts and suppositions. This upgrades the profitability or the association. Acting naturally dependable the representatives can take basic choices while at work. Through empowering cooperation, inspiration, preparing and improvement the capability of the workers are upgraded and asset portion, data sharing and so forth can be executed. This can contribute the compelling accomplishment o authoritative objectives (Samier, 2016). Through using my authority model a compelling association culture can be executed. An equitable or a participative hierarchical culture which gives the representatives an agreeable work spot can be created. An authoritative culture which gives accentuation to the successful correspondence, data sharing, asset assignment, and so forth can be created. A culture which gives regard and acknowledgment to one another will be kept up. Through such a hierarchical culture it will be simple for the pioneers to oversee and keep up the various work power. The authority model which I have embraced is unique in relation to other people. My authority model determines the participative technique for overseeing and creating work power. Some different pioneers receive imperious and just initiative models which are restricted to numerous standards and guidelines. Despite the fact that these principles and guidelines can actualize discipline in the work place, it can't upgrade the capability of the work power. It can place the individuals into weariness and can bring about worker turnover. Through my authority model the worker inspiration and investment is given significance. This will upgrade the representatives duty and steadfastness towards the association. I apply this administration model to improve the four variables referenced in the model which is the individuals, execution, character, reason. I will concentrate on building up my relational aptitudes, employability abilities and so forth and furthermore center around building up these aptitudes in the workers. The virtues and moral imperatives are thought about while settling on choices and performing business drama

Rheumatoid Arthritis Essay -- essays research papers

     Rheumatoid joint pain is a constant disorder that is described by irritation of the fringe joints, however it might likewise include the lungs, heart, veins, and eyes. The predominance of this immune system ailment is between 0.3% to 1.5% of the populace in the United States (Feinberg, pp 815). It influences ladies a few times more frequently than men, and the beginning of RA is as a rule somewhere in the range of 25 and 50 years old, however it can happen at any age (Reed, pp 584). RA can be analyzed by setting up the nearness of tenacious joint agony, growing in a symmetric circulation, and delayed morning solidness. RA generally influences various joints, for example, the hands, wrists, knees, elbows, feet, shoulders, hips, and little hand joints. RA is typically described by the irritation of the synovium, which lines the joints and ligament sheaths of the body.      The etiology of this infection is obscure. There are different components engaged with this illness, including immune system responses and ecological elements. There is additionally a hereditary inclination that has been recognized that can be identified with the reason for RA. Rheumatoid joint inflammation creates because of a communication of numerous variables. Much research is going on now to comprehend these variables and how they cooperate. Rheumatoid joint pain is one of a few immune system maladies on the grounds that an individual's invulnerable framework assaults their own body tissues (Gordon, pp 16). A component of rheumatoid joint inflammation is that it fluctuates a great deal from individual to individual. For certain individuals, it endures just a couple of months or a year or two and leaves without creating any perceptible harm. Others have mellow or moderate sickness, with times of declining side effects, called flares, and periods in which they feel good, called reductions. Still others have extreme sickness that is dynamic more often than not, goes on for a long time, and prompts genuine joint harm and incapacity. Rheumatoid joint inflammation happens in all races and ethnic gatherings. Despite the fact that the ailment regularly starts in middle age and happens with expanded recurrence in more established individuals, youngsters and youthful grown-ups additionally create it.      In 1987, the American Rheumatism Association created seven models to characterize RA. In the first place, morning firmness in and around joints enduring in any event one hour before progress. Second, there is joint pain of at least three joint territories. Third, there is expanding of in any event one ... ...individual's strain can be discharged in progressively positive manners rather in a destructive way towards himself/herself or towards others. The OT may likewise elevate the individual to take part in progressively social exercises to get the person in question to feel increasingly able and expand one's confidence.      Persons with joint pain regularly don't consent to treatment and the board schedules, so the Occupational advisor may need to give that person great learning or educating procedures. The OT should likewise impart to the patient the assumptions regarding treatment and the board, support moral duty regarding their consideration, and keep up a casual domain to energize correspondence with different experts and friends and family. The OT should likewise be careful of some other wellbeing worries that may emerge because of the movement of the sickness or even symptoms from the meds. There are such a large number of influenced by Rheumatoid Arthritis and it is a developing ailment that has been seen over the United States. Later on for medication, increasingly more research will be done to discover the fix to this ailment, yet for the present, such treatment like Occupational treatment will additionally propel the lives of those living with RA.

Indigenous Australian Philosophy Essay

While an assortment of components have molded the decent variety of Indigenous Australian way of thinking and prac? ces over the Australian con? nent, one of the focal characteris? cs of the Aboriginal perspective is the idea of the ‘Dreaming’. Outlinesomeofthekeyaspectsofthisbeliefsystemandre#ectonthisin correlation with your own perspective. THE DREAMING LAID DOWN THE PATH FOR THE ABORIGINAL WAY OF LIFE, AND IT DICTATES THEIR KNOWLEDGE, FAITH, LAW, Behavior AND SOCIETAL CUSTOMS. IN AUSTRALIA, THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT ABORIGINAL CLANS, EACH ABORIGINAL CLAN HAS THEIR OWN INTERPRETATION AND NAME FOR THE DREAMING. Indeed, even TODAY ABORIGINAL PEOPLE ARE CONNECTED TO THE DREAMING THROUGH THEIR BELIEFS AND RITUALS. While ABORIGINAL SOCIETIES MAY SEEM COMPLICATED TO AN OUTSIDER THIS BEAUTIFUL CULTURE FOSTERS A SENSE OF BELONGING, RESPECT, HARMONY AND CONSERVATION. THREE ASPECTS OF THE DREAMING ARE THE ANCESTRAL BEINGS, KINSHIP TO RUWI AND RESPECT OF THE LAWS. THE DREAMING CONSISTED OF ANCESTRAL BEINGS WHO ROSE FROM THE EARTH AND WATER, THEN Traveled THE LAND SCULPTING THE EARTH. THE ANCESTRAL BEINGS TOOK ON THE FORMS OF HUMANS, ANIMALS, PLANTS AND EVEN COMBINATIONS OF THESE FORMS. THE ANCESTRAL BEINGS CREATED THE PEOPLE, PLANTS, ANIMALS AND KINSHIPS BETWEEN THESE KEY. A significant number OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF THE LAND CAN BE LINKED TO THE ANCESTRAL BEINGS, AND TO THE EVENTS PLAYED OUT DURING THE DREAMING PERIOD. THE ANCESTRAL BEINGS CREATED THE LAWS AND A PATH TO BE FOLLOWED FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS. THESE LAWS MUST BE FOLLOWED IN ORDER TO ENSURE A BALANCE AND A CONTINUATION OF LIFE AND HARMONY. Moreover, ABORIGINAL PEOPLE ARE DEVOTED TO THEIR LAND. WATSON EXPLAINS THAT ABORIGINAL PEOPLE DO NOT SEE THE LAND AS A COMMODITY THAT CAN BE OWNED OR SOLD, P a g e | 2. THEY ARE A PART OF THEIR LAND, AND THEIR LAND HAS ITS OWN SPIRIT. Native PEOPLE LIVE A STABLE AND SUSTAINABLE LIFESTYLE AND ONLY TAKE FOOD THAT IS NEEDED. At the point when FOOD IS TAKEN FROM THE LAND, THEY MUST GIVE THANKS TO THE LAND AS A SIGN OF RESPECT. Native CLANS WERE SEPARATED BY THE DREAMING AND HAVE DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATIONS AND LANGUAGES, SO THEY DO NOT HAVE TO FIGHT FOR LAND OR FOOD. Native RUWI IS MARKED BY GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES, WHICH CAN INCLUDE RIVERS, TREES, ROCKS AND PAINTINGS; THE PERIMETERS OF THE LAND ARE LEARNT THROUGH SONGS. THE DREAMING LAWS MADE ABORIGINAL PEOPLE CUSTODIANS OF THE LAND. THE LAWS DO NOT NEED TO BE WRITTEN DOWN AS THEY ARE LEARNED THROUGH THE LIVING OF THE LAWS. Native PEOPLE ARE GUIDED BY THEIR WAY OF LIFE THROUGH ELDERS, AND KNOWLEDGE PASSED DOWN FROM THE DREAMING. Accounts OF THE DREAMING ARE TAUGHT THROUGH ORAL STORIES, SONG, DANCE, RITUALS AND ART. THESE STORIES PASS ON THE IMPORTANT KNOWLEDGE, VALUES AND EXPECTED Behaviors. Native CHILDREN ARE TAUGHT THE DREAMING STORIES WHICH ARE APPROPRIATE TOR THEIR AGE. THESE STORIES Socialize CHILDREN ON THE ABORIGINAL WAY OF LIFE. EDWARDS’S STATES THAT RELATIONSHIPS ARE ALSO DICTATED FROM THE DREAMING, THERE IS A COMPLEX KINSHIP ORDER AMONG ABORIGINAL PEOPLE. THIS ORDER DETERMINES A PERSON’S PLACE IN THEIR MOIETY. THIS KINSHIP SYSTEM ALSO DICTATES HOW FAMILY MEMBERS SHOULD BEHAVE TOWARDS OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS, WHICH HELP TO KEEP HARMONY AND AVOID CONFLICT. THE DIFFERENT PLACES WITHIN THE MOIETY ALSO DETERMINE A SUITABLE MARRIAGE PARTNER. FROM A WESTERN CIVILIZATION PERSPECTIVE, I ONLY KNOW MY IMMEDIATE FAMILY AND THE ABORIGINAL SYSTEM OF KINSHIP LEAVES ME FEELING THAT I MAY BE LACKING A GREATER SENSE OF SELF AND PURPOSE. Truly, I CAN TRACE MY FAMILY’S GENEALOGY BACK HUNDREDS OF YEARS. THESE ARE NAMES ON PAPER WITH NO CONNECTION TO ME, AND I FEEL NO BOND TO THESE P a g e | 3 PEOPLE. THE ABORIGINAL SYSTEM OF KINSHIP FOSTERS A BOND TO EVERYTHING ON THIS LAND, WHICH CREATES A SENSE OF PURPOSE AND BELONGING. ANOTHER IMPORTANT POINT THAT WATSON IDENTIFIES IS THAT THE DREAMING LAW IS ABOUT LOVE, SHARING, RESPECT AND CARING AND THIS IS WHY THE LAND IS CONSERVED AND CARED FOR. I SENSE THAT WESTERN CULTURE NOW SEEMS TO BE BASED ON A SUPERFICIAL AND SELFISH EXISTENCE. I OBSERVE THAT WESTERN CULTURE IS FUELLED BY GREED, A DESTRUCTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE DEPLETING OF RESOURCES. I WONDER WHERE WE WOULD BE TODAY IF THE Colonizers HAD LIVED IN HARMONY AND LEARNT FROM THE ABORIGINAL PEOPLE ON HOW TO RESPECT AND CONSERVE RATHER THAN STEAL AND DEPLETE THE LAND. I FEEL WE MAY HAVE BECOME A BETTER SOCIETY FULL OF APPRECIATION AND WARMTH. THE ABORIGINAL PEOPLE HAVE A CULTURE THAT BINDS THEM TO THE LAND AND TO EACH OTHER. IT CREATES A SENSE OF PRIDE; RESPECT AND ORDER FOR THE WAY THINGS HAVE BEEN, ARE AT THE MOMENT AND WILL BE IN THE FUTURE. Despite the fact that THE DREAMING IS INTERPRETED UNIQUELY BY DIFFERENT ABORIGINAL GROUPS, IT HAS CONSERVED THEIR SOCIETIES AND GIVEN THEM BONDS THAT HAVE LASTED THOUSANDS OF YEARS.

Decision Making Model Essay

These diverse dynamic models are approaches the issue of purchaser dynamic in an unexpected way. The Engel-Kollat-Blackwell model is basically a cognizant critical thinking and learning model of shopper conduct. This model has a decent depiction of dynamic data chasing and assessment procedures of shopper. The data prepared in this model is the improvement. The consumer⠡â ¦s choice procedures follow up on this upgrade so as to decide a reaction to it. These models endeavor to clarify each stage and show interrelated between the phases of customer purchaser conduct from the boost, through the buy to post buy conduct. The Howard-Sheth model (1969) is a learning model intended to clarify the brand decision of an individual confronted with a few decision options. This model is an endeavor to clarify normal brand decision conduct inside the requirements of restricted individual limits and deficient data. This model can partitioned generally into four essential parts-(1) boost input factors, (2) exogenous factors, (3) successive yield factors, and (4) the  ¡Ã¢ §internal condition of buyer.⠡â ¨ However, the restriction of this model is that it has minimal down to earth an incentive for promoting experts. The two significant preferences of the Howard-Sheth model are following: (I) It has been somewhat tried exactly, in this manner building up some believability for the model (ii) The model is additionally a powerful model Overall the Engel-Blackwell-Miniard model furnishes increasingly exhaustive and precise examination with Howard-Sheth model. The two models are comparable in as much as the two of them propose a reasonable shopper, however one who is set up to fulfills where proper. The ecological impacts of the Engel-Blackwell-Miniard model contrast legitimately with the exogenous factors as laid out in the clarification of Howard-Sheth model. Another popular buyer conduct model is Nicosia model (1966). Francesco Nicosia was one of the principal customer conduct modelers to move center from the demonstration of procurement itself to the more mind boggling choice procedure that buyers participate in about items and administrations. This model is described as an interchanges model that starts with a firm⠡â ¦s correspondence to the buyer by means of promoting and finishes with shopper criticism to the firm. This model contains four significant segments or fields: (1) the firm⠡â ¦s characteristics and yields or correspondences and the consumer⠡â ¦s mental traits, (2) the consumer⠡â ¦s look for and assessment of the firm⠡â ¦s yield and other accessible other options, (3) the consumer⠡â ¦s spurred demonstration of procurement, and (4) the consumer⠡â ¦s stockpiling or utilization of the item. Francesco Nicosia expect that the shopper is looking to satisfied explicit objectives and that at first there is no history between the customer and the firm, so no positive or negative inclinations toward the firm exist in the consumer⠡â ¦s mind. There are a few constraints in Nicosia model which incorporate an insufficient comprehension of the impact and interrelationships among the purchaser qualities spoke to by Subfield and the flawed supposition that no earlier customer information or involvement in the item exists.

Startup Hubs Around the World Berlin

Startup Hubs Around the World Berlin 1.  LOCATION The urban setting of Berlin is making a name for itself among young entrepreneurs who have a vision for the future, but who want to enjoy living while they’re young. The reunification of Germany left Berlin with a wide assortment of abandoned buildings. Former government buildings that were no longer needed were abandoned and the city found itself with cavernous buildings that were eventually converted into creative spaces and cheap housing. The combination of the two created a culture that is helping to propel Berlin to the forefront of the tech industry. An influx of young people looking for inexpensive housing, lively party scenes and a creative environment has caused a perfect storm of elements that cannot be overlooked. © Shutterstock.com | canadastockIn this article about Berlin, we look at  six essential elements  of a potential start-up location that must be considered: 1)  location, 2)  tax incentives, 3)  legal incentives, 4)  availability of investors, 5)  local resources and workforce, and 6)  specialization.1.  LOCATIONThe capital city of Germany, Berlin is poised to become Europe’s leading start-up hub within the next ten years, according to experts.   The momentum that Berlin has gained can be maximized by working off the success it has already had and improving in several key areas.   Berlin has attracted a growing number of young, educated people who are looking for an environment that is conducive to creative work and creative play.Old world buildings, traditional architecture and a landscape that is teeming in history gives Berlin an classic feel that is hard to find elsewhere in the world.   As the capital city, it is considered Europe’s hippest city â€" a reputation that it rece ived from the onslaught of young people who flocked there.The start-up community in Berlin has a wealth of advantages, beginning with the availability of cheap office and housing spaces.   Rent is typically one of the largest expenses a company has and a struggling start-up is often scrambling for a location they can afford.   The rents in Berlin are affordable, making it an attractive location for many companies.As an urban city, the transport of raw and finished materials both in and out of the city is easily managed.   Warehouse space is easy to find for the start-up that requires larger areas for product assembly and/or workspace. © Venture Village2. TAX INCENTIVESThe economic benefits of becoming a start-up hub are vital to the continued advancement of Berlin. Developing a culture that welcomes innovation and design through the creation of tech start-ups will improve the economy in various ways. Offering tax incentives to start-ups located in Berlin will help to increase the number of people interested in beginning a business. It will encourage entrepreneurs to consider start-ups as a viable venture, and will increase the possibility of businesses staying in Berlin.The tax incentives available to you will vary based on the type of business you are establishing and the specific tax laws in place. Consult with a tax professional who is trained in the German tax code to ensure that you receive any tax incentives that are available.3. LEGAL INCENTIVESCreating a centralized location in Berlin that would focus on the support of start-ups would help encourage political, economic and academic fields to join forces. This would enable Berlin to develop policies and initiatives to attract additional investors and start-up companies, and would provide additional legal incentives to the company.  Finding a lawyer that specializes in the specific legal incentives available is a necessity for anyone considering establishing a start-up in Berlin.   The legal ramifications of improperly registering a corporation, etc, can be costly and inconvenient.   Before pursuing any type of venture, make sure that the legal paperwork is taken care of by a professional.4. AVAILABILITY OF INVESTORSVenture capitalists in Berlin invested over 133 million euros, compared to 24 million in the next most heavily invested city. The city of Berlin is bursting with potential investors who are looking for solid talent and growth potential. Established investors are highly successful in identifying new businesses, but need to improve on the investment opportunities for companies in the growth phase.Angel and seed investors ha ve an easily recognizable presence in the city, making it easy for start-ups to make contact and connections with the people who have the needed funds.   Trying to navigate the world of venture capital alone can be frustrating and distressing.   Establishing a forum for investors and entrepreneurs to connect creates interest in the city’s future.   Growing incubators, collaborative workshops, networking events and other opportunities for business owners to meet and investigate potential connections begins to generate a climate of excitement and innovation.It is obvious that the potential for tech start-ups in Berlin is immense.   The investors are there, and the entrepreneurs are there.   Getting the two together is the challenge that Berlin faces if it truly wants to be a contender on the start-up front.   As the capital, it attracts big money investors that have a vested interest in the country. By maximizing the opportunities that have naturally developed, it can help to sustai n the start-up market in the city.5. AVAILABILITY OF LOCAL RESOURCES AND WORKFORCEThe general attractiveness of Berlin as a place to live helps to attract workers and talent. However, there is a shortfall of students entering technical fields or expressing an interest in starting a business. Berlin attracts fewer foreign skilled workers than other start-up hubs, creating a shortfall of needed talent in the workforce. Increasing student enthusiasm and interest in becoming entrepreneurs will help solidify the city’s start-up hub position.Berlin has a growing population of creative individuals who are drawn to the city to pursue their art.   The idea that most people are there to ‘work on a project’ is common, and it is known as an eclectic, artistic city.   That type of environment fosters a sense of creativity that encourages outside the box thinking and fuels new technology and ideas.   Encouraging more technical creativity will help in generating the needed ideas to inspire p eople to pursue entrepreneurship.6. SPECIALIZATIONWorking towards a business model that designates Berlin as a ‘city of the future’, start-ups in the German city are geared towards highly advanced industries. Building on the existing strengths that the city’s start-ups have will help ensure that the city continues its entrepreneurial advance. The fields predominantly featured in Berlin include biotechnology/medical technology, urban technology and digital business models. By establishing a centralized campus center, the start-up companies would be able to network together and generate ideas, support and coaching for each other â€" helping ensure success.As with other markets that are encouraging growth in the biotechnology/medical fields, the future is bright for these newly developing fields.   The challenge will be developing cutting edge technology that can be useful long-term in a constantly evolving and growing market.   Start-ups need to be developed that can be purchase d by larger medical or research firms, as well as companies that are developing long term protocols and products.   Both types of specialization will be needed in the future and Berlin needs to begin to seek out the individuals who can provide this.Urban technology is a growing field as well and has a wide range of possibilities for development.   Trying to establish a foothold in the tech market with this field will require creative problem solving and attention to detail.   Due to the urban nature of Berlin, the individuals who live there are uniquely poised to develop solutions to some of the problems their own city is having.   By focusing on problems they are currently facing, the solutions will often benefit not just their own city but other cities as well.   Empowering the creative individuals who live and work in the city to identify and solve some of the common problems would begin to generate interest in the entrepreneurship process.   By tying the problem to a current, ex isting issue, people begin to see the necessity of a solution.As cloud based computing grows in scope and size, digital business models will become more and more in demand.   Finding potential start-up opportunities that can maximize on the experiences of Berlin will accomplish several key things at once.   It solves problems that the city is facing during this period of growth and expansion.   It also creates a framework that other organizations can use to solve their problems or issues.   Further, it generates interest in the process of becoming an entrepreneur.Success breeds success â€" drawing more investors, other potential start-ups and skilled workers to the city.   Berlin start-ups are slowly beginning to achieve success which will help build the city into a start-up hub.   SoundCloud â€" an online collection of audio files set up similarly to YouTube â€" is one of Berlin’s first success stories.   Other prominent start-ups include 6Wunderlist: an app that manages to-do li sts, Gidsy: a virtual marketplace for experience junkies, EyeEm: a social media photo sharing application and Amen: a platform that lets people post their opinions about virtually anything. One can almost feel the anticipation in the city as entrepreneurs are waiting for the ‘one big exit’ that will draw international attention to Berlin.   All of the pieces are there, now the city is in a tentative holding pattern as developers wait for one of their early efforts to payoff.Berlin Startup Ecosystem Ympact A Cautionary TaleA danger to the Berlin start-up scene is the number of companies that are focusing on industry clones rather than innovation.   One company has developed an incubator/accelerator model that essentially clones successful US companies, and then sells the clones back to the original company.   They have used this method with great success beginning with eBay (they created Alando and then sold it to the internet giant); then took on Groupon (CityDeals was their ve rsion of the money-saving website) followed by Care.com (they made Betreut).   While imitation is known as the highest form of flattery, the reputation of simply being a cloner is less than appealing to the fledgling start-up industry in Berlin.   The development of start-ups that can create innovative technologies on their own is imperative for success as a start-up hub.It is not realistic to expect the problems Berlin has faced over the last thirty years to disappear overnight.   Nor is it realistic to expect a start-up to show up and change the entire climate of the city.   However, with gradual progress, Berlin can work towards improving their city in incremental steps.   They can begin to attract start-ups are looking for a vibrant, working city.   Start-ups that are trying to break into the tech world have stiff competition all over the world.   It can be disheartening to pour time and effort into a project only to have it dashed to the side or overlooked for someone else’s version.   Time is an enemy in the race to be first with start-ups and no one wants to be second.   Finding a location that meets all the potential needs of the company is essential, and securing funding that will allow the company to do what it does best is vital.Berlin is poised to be a powerful contender for start-up success, but the city must overcome its obstacles quickly.   The growing reputation for being a ‘party town’, a Bohemian paradise and an industry clone must be put aside if they truly want to become a start-up hub.   The relatively recent entries into the start-up war are beginning to settle into their roles and are expecting other companies to follow into the fledgling Berlin marketplace.   Only time will tell what success Berlin will have as they continue to develop their business acumen along with their creative climate.   With the right leadership and diligent planning, Berlin could take its expected place at the top of Europe’s start-up market.Berlin has t he opportunity to re-invent itself and move into the future as a successful, vibrant city.   Obviously, there was a period of adjustment needed with the reunification of Germany and they have had a quarter of a century to get their bearings.   Moving forward, the city must take decisive action if they want to truly advance.   The rising generation knows little of the city’s past struggles, and the young developers who have only known a unified Germany will either recognize Berlin as a place of innovation or a city that never quite recovered from history.Interviews with Entrepreneurs from Berlin Wooga: JanMiczaika reBuy: Lawrence Leuschner DeliveryHero: Claude Ritte Nikita Fahrenholz Get Your Guide: Johannes Reck

The Most Effective Ways to Self-motivate Writing Assignment - 550 Words

The Most Effective Ways to Self-motivate Writing Assignment (Essay Sample) Content: The Most Effective Ways to Self-motivateNameInstitutionThe Most Effective Ways to Self-motivateSelf-motivation refers to the ability of an individual to do what they need to do without relying on an external push (Dunning, 2015). It is a trait that helps people to succeed in their undertakings and life in general. Self-motivation does not need to be an inborn trait because people willing to attain it can do so by following the three ways of self-motivation discussed in this paper.The first effective way to self-motivation is keeping a positive mind (Hill, 2017). By having a positive mind, an individual is able to remain happy and hence achieve more things. Happiness avoids the temptation to procrastinate and thus a happy person gets more things done than an unhappy person. Hill also writes that most procrastination happens when people are in their bad moods. People use procrastination as a short-term remedy for low moods and hence end up skipping a number of things th at they would have done were they happy. In order to have a positive mind, one should focus on the positive side of life than the negative side (Hill, 2017). They have to see possibilities rather than impossibilities. This increases optimism and happiness ultimately making an individual self-motivated.The second effective way of self-motivation is to reward the self whenever one achieves any of their goals. Rewards make people feel good and happy. As discussed above, happiness helps people to achieve more things than when they have bad moods. According to Hill (2017), reward accounts for 75% of motivation that pushes people to accomplish things. A reward is a positive way to keep one self-motivated. On the contrary, penalties can also self-motivate a person. For example, a person can set not to watch their favorite TV program in the evening if they do not accomplish the things that they had set to accomplish in their daily to-do list. In such a case, the individual will do all they can to achieve their days tasks to get a chance to watch their program. It, therefore, follows that to be self-motivated; one needs to set a reward mechanism for themselves.The third way in which one can be self-motivated is to keep a worthy company of peers (Hill, 2017). Though peer pressure is thought of in the negative more than in the positive perspective, it can be a good way to keep oneself in check. For example, if one keeps a company of health-conscious people, the person is likely to pursue health goals. ...

Asian History and Culture

Disrespect of an Nco and Disobeying a Direct Order

The effects of disrespect of a non commissioned officer and the effects of disobeying a direct order. On 25 of August 2011, I accompanied SGT Williams off post. Although it seems to be nothing at all by that statement. The consequences of that night and the things I should have done are possibly going to cost a good NCO his career, and landed me in this punishment. Before I get in to the actual circumstances of this incident I want to cover my references Article 92 and article 89 of the UCMJ. First what is UCMJ? The Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) is the base of military law. The UCMJ is a federal law, enacted by Congress in1950. The UCMJ was based upon and replaced the Articles of War. Which had been in various forms since†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) ART. 89 DISRESPECT TOWARD SUPERIOR COMMISSIONED OFFICER Any person subject to this chapter who behaves with disrespect toward his superior commissioned officer shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.† (http://usmilitary.about.com/library/milinfo/ucmj/blart-89.htm). By disobeying my order to no drink with SGT. Williams I disrespected SSG. Bryant. Disrespect of NCOs’ is a sign of a lack of discipline. Again disapline is one the things in the Military as a whole is what holds the system together and allows the militaty to function properly and accomplish the mission. Leadership is what holds the Army together, without a good leader nothing would be accomplished. The Army’s strict definition for leadership is competent, confident, and agile. In FM 6-22 it explains who, what, and how a leader should be. All Army leaders should follow the BE-KNOW-DO concept. A leader must BE- the values and attributes that shape ones character. They should KNOW- about tactics, strategic, and logistics of the Army. What leaders DO- is in relation to the influence they have on others, in providing purpose, direction, and motivation. The makeup of an Army leader is a strong intellect,Show MoreRelatedDisrespect Articles of Ucmj945 Words   |  4 PagesPunishable Articles Related to Disrespect Article 89—Disrespect toward a superior commissioned officer (1) That the accused did or omitted certain acts or used certain language to or concerning a certain commissioned officer; (2) That such behavior or language was directed toward that officer; (3) That the officer toward whom the acts, omissions, or words were directed was the superior commissioned officer of the accused; (4) That the accused then knew that the commissioned officerRead MoreNon-commissioned Officer and Respect1023 Words   |  5 PagesYou can’t have respect without discipline because it creates a sense of unity among soldiers which under extreme circumstances the military cannot afford to have any causality because of one individual’s decision to disrespect one of leaders appointed over me direct orders. Self-less Service leads to teamwork and encompasses discipline and is most effective when all soldiers can expect and give mutual respect to their fellow soldiers. When a person first enters the Army they are taughtRead MoreRepercussions for Not Being at Your Place of Duty1119 Words   |  5 Pagesplace of duty at the time prescribed; (2) goes from that place; or (3) absents himself or remains absent from his unit, organization, or place of duty at which he is required to be at the time prescribed; shall be punished as a court-martial may direct. (1) Failure to go to appointed place of duty. (a) That a certain authority appointed a certain time and place of duty for the accused; (b) That the accused knew of that time and place; and (c) That the accused, without authority, failedRead MoreFollowing Simple Instructions2384 Words   |  10 Pagesmaintains the title Essay on Obeyeing a Lawful Order From An NCO, done by another, i believe to be, private; This is a 2000 word essay on the importance of obeying a lawful order from an NCO. The reason for me to be writing this essay is because I disobeyed a direct order from a senior NCO, I was told to move into the barracks by Sunday and I completely ignored this order and went along doing my own thing. It is extremely important to obey an NCO because if you don’t the consequences will be badRead MoreDisrespect5013 Words   |  21 PagesI think disrespect is one of the biggest issues in the united states military. Respect is something everyone wants, not many have, and few want to give. Unfortunately, respect is not something that is given all the time. Maybe this is because respect is not clearly understood. What is respect? The Webster’s Dictionary defines it as an act of giving particular attention or high or special regard. Another definition shows respect as a feeling or attitude of admiration and deference toward somebodyRead MoreArmy. Having the Right Attitude2125 Words   |  9 PagesAppurtenances, Wear of the Army Uniform by Reserve, Retired, Separated, and Civilian Personnel. All of these uniforms can be found in Army regulation 670-1. It is important to follow the guide lines and adhere to these standards . If you don’t you can bring disrespect upon the United States Army, and that would not be a good thing at all. It can mean that people could change there opinion of the United States Army. Which could ultimately lead to less support for the United States forces, which can cause lessRead MoreDisobeying Orders8735 Words   |  35 Pagesthe Marine Corps is no different there are many rules and regulations that are meant to be followed under the UCMJ Articles. It’s important to keep following the orders you are given and that you follow these rules exactly like you are ordered to do so. In this essay I will be talking about the following: Disobeying an Order, Disrespect, Discipline, Chain of Command, Unauthorized Absence, a nd Leadership Principles and Leadership Traits. I will try my best’s efforts to explain everything and show

Maria Goeppert-Mayer, Mathematician and Physicist

The Hardships of Diabetes Essay - 1921 Words

The Hardships of Diabetes Diabetes is a very grave and serious disease involving many hardships, but a good diet, exercise, and overall healthy habits can keep your diabetes under control which in-turn makes you feel better and avoid later complications. Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce enough insulin, a hormone needed to convert the sugars and starches that we eat into energy needed for daily life. The cause of the disease is a mystery, but genetics and environment seem to play major roles. There are two kinds of Diabetes, Diabetes Insipidus and the more common Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Insipidus is a rare disease caused by a deficiency of vasopressin, a hormone of the posterior pituitary gland that†¦show more content†¦Since glucose cannot enter the cells it builds up in the blood and the bodys cells literally starve to death. Also since the body lacks sufficient energy from tissue glucose it begins to break down stored fat that produces ketenes, a byproduct of broken down fat, that makes the bodys blood acidic interfering with respiration. About 700,000 people in the United States have Type I diabetes. Its symptoms are unusual thirst, frequent urination, extreme hunger, dramatic weight loss, fatigue, and irritability. If the disease is undetected or not properly treated it can quickly become fatal. Death by diabetic coma was usually the outcome of the disease before insulin was discovered. The other more common type of Diabetes is Type II, affecting more than 13.3 million people in the United States. Type II Diabetes is a metabolic disorder resulting from the bodys inability to make enough or properly use insulin. Sometimes Type II can be due to prolonged obesity when a rise in the level of blood sugar inactivates tissue components that are targets for insulin, consequentially killing off the cells needed to transport the sugar. Type II diabetes is most prevalent in adults over forty, but most people do not recognize the disease until they develop one of its life threatening complications. Type II has the same symptoms asShow MoreRelated1920s Good or Bad?1665 Words   |  7 Pagesmedical treatment towards diabetes. Diabetes was one of the major diseases that had killed many people around the world during 1920s. Proper and effective treatments towards diabetes were needed as soon as possible. In 1921 at University of Toronto’s labratory, Dr. Fredrick Banting with help of his co-leagues and students succeeded isolating insulin which is a hormone from the dog. Banting’s idea was to inject the isolated insulin to the patient’s body since the reason diabetes is being caused is becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of Don t Blame The Eater988 Words   |  4 Pagesdivorce, works schedules can also affect food choices. As he summed up, â€Å"Fast-food is a very reliable, cheap option that is always predictable, which makes it a perfect destination but not many people understand the emotional, physical, and me ntal hardships that can result from those choices.† These factors can also be tracked to various socio-economic groups, ethnicities, etc. As mentioned, the author uses a personal narrative to further prove his point that children are being the most victimizedRead MoreEconomic And Social Consequences Of Diabetes1231 Words   |  5 PagesEconomic and Social Consequences of Diabetes There are many costs to the U.S. as more people are developing Diabetes at an increasing rate. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) researched and studied the costs to the healthcare systems and found that the costs were $174 billion in 2007 and rose to $245 billion in 2012. The cost of diabetes in the six years has risen to an outstanding 41%. The costs of Diabetes was broke down into two categories: medical costs and lost productivity. In the 2012Read MoreDiabetes On The Rise Of Diabetes994 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes on the Rise â€Å"There is considerable evidence for a rising epidemic of diabetes in many countries of the world, with projected numbers of affected persons, and national prevalence likely to rise† (Sicree Shaw, 2007). The United States (U.S.) alone being number three of the top ten countries worldwide, projected to see the highest rate of those affected by type II diabetes amongst its population in 2030 (Shaw, Sicree, Zimmet, 2010). 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Type two diabetes can be caused by elevated levels of sugar in one’s blood, resulting in issues with insulin binding, however in type one diabetes, one develops this from genetics and not from oversupply of sugar in the blood (Dea). Working at the Philadelphia children’s hospital as a pediatric nurse practitioner, Tara Dea deals with obesity and diabetes every day. As a nurse she is more involved inRead MoreDiabetes And How A Person With This Condition s Experience Has Affected Her Daily Life1401 Words   |  6 PagesIn my paper, I am going to focus on Type 2 Diabetes and how a person with this condition’s experience has affected her daily life. About the Disability Cause: Experts say diabetes is partly genetic and at least partly behavioral. Obesity and lack of exercise are key risk factors for the most common form. Many people think that diabetes results from eating too many sweets, but the truth is more complex. 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Analysis Of Different Types Of Competition Economics Essay Free Essays

To travel markets back towards perfect competition, have to hold a really big figure of houses, complete freedom of entry, a homogenous merchandise and perfect cognition of the goods. In the short tally, the supranormal net incomes can be because there is no clip for new houses to prosecute the market. However, the supranormal net incomes will be competed by new houses in the long tally. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis Of Different Types Of Competition Economics Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the short tally, the demand curve and the supply curve is equal to fringy cost. In the long tally, monetary value is equal to hanker run mean cost. The perfect competition market is a monetary value taker, so the monetary value is non alteration. Monopoly In monopoly, has merely one house in an industry, restricted or wholly out of use freedom of entry, merely one alone merchandise. Barriers to the entry of new houses is apparent to protect a monopoly from rivals such as economic systems of graduated table, control over supplies of inputs or end products, patents or right of first publication, and tactics to extinguish challengers. Monopoly will acquire maximized monetary values. If the demand curve and cost curve of monopoly are the same of absolutely competitory industry, monopoly will bring forth less and halt at the higher monetary value than absolutely competitory industry to maintain their clients. Potential of rivals is of import such as a house ‘s monetary value and scheme. Monopolistic Competition In monopolistic competition, has a rather big figure of houses, unrestricted freedom of entry, has different sort of merchandises. In the short tally, the houses can gain supranormal net incomes because clients still want to purchase the merchandises even though the monetary value goes up. However, in the long tally, the demand curve will touch the long-term norm cost curve ; it means the monetary value goes up so clients do non desire to purchase the merchandises because their wages still the same degree. Therefore, the houses will non acquire more net incomes. Many houses under monopolistic competition can prosecute in non-price competition such as merchandise development and advertisement to keep an advantage over their challengers. Monopolistically competitory houses may hold higher costs than absolutely competitory houses, but clients can acquire different sort of merchandises. Monopolistically competitory houses possibly have fewer economic systems than monopolies and have less research and development, but they can maintain monetary values lower than under monopoly. Oligopoly In oligopoly, has few figure of houses, restricted freedom of entry, has apathetic merchandises or merchandise distinction. Besides the houses under monopolistic competition, there are assorted barriers to the entry but similar to under monopoly. Chapter four Market Structures Table Of Contentss Introduction†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . p. 1 Theory†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . pp. 2 – 3 Part I – Perfect Competition †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . pp. 4 – 7 Part II – Monopoly †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . pp. 8 – 10 Part III – Monopolistic Competition †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . pp. 11 – 13 Part IV – Oligopoly †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . pp. 14 – 15 Decision†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . p. 16 Mentions†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . p. 17 Introduction Presents, the market construction of the concern are plentiful and assorted. Classifying markets require each company or house have to understand item clearly to be after the right manner to make concern. As a consequence, market construction has four sorts: Perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition and oligopoly. It can be said, in any states which besides happen to positive and negative of each type. Therefore, chapter Four of Necessities of Economics is traveling to explicate four types of market construction. Besides, the competitions are between companies together is based on what sort of concern and the strength they have from each specific instance. This chapter besides give information about advantage and disadvantage of market construction because some sorts can acquire much net income merely and some sorts have to vie. In peculiar, each house will hold assorted schemes because they will hold assorted challengers and competitions. Theory The manner purchasers and providers interacts each other in the industry to make up one’s mind the monetary value and the measure is defined as market construction. There are 4 market constructions that have been used in the economic universe: Perfect competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic competition ( Imperfect competition ) and Oligopoly. Perfect competition is the free-entry market in which there are limitless purchasers and Sellerss called monetary value taker. They have no power to command the monetary value of the merchandises which merely based on demand and supply in the market. There is a market that has merely individual marketer. It is stated as Monopoly market where the monetary value is set by one marketer. Example: EVN, Petrolimex†¦ Monopolistic competition or Imperfect competition is similar to hone competition, which has a batch of Sellerss bring forthing a differentiated merchandise. Each can put its ain monetary value and measure ; nevertheless, they are excessively little to act upon the whole market monetary value and measure. Oligopoly is the market which has a little figure of Sellerss in the industry. At least one determination about the monetary value or the measure of one house can count to the others. Finally, when different purchasers buy the merchandise by different monetary value, that statement is defined as monetary value favoritism. In international trading, sometime it can do a dumping[ 1 ]. CASE STUDY Chapter 4 Market STRUTURES Part I PERFECT COMPETITION The economic system, in general, is all about competition. Competition is good because it makes clients to be a male monarch who can make up one’s mind what productions they will utilize and how quality is that. However, true aims of houses are n’t to do the clients to be a male monarch. What they try to make is maximise their net incomes. But in ‘perfect competition market ‘ , the fact is, houses can do supranormal net incomes in the short-term but in the long tally they wo n’t do any net incomes. They merely have adequate to remain in concern. Perfect competition is a market construction where all houses produce the same merchandise and noA producerA orA consumerA has the rightA or ability toA controlA theA market, A asA affect the monetary value. Perfect Competition is merely a theory that does n’t be in the existent universe because of so many conditions have to be met. However, there are markets that come near to perfect competition market if it has four following conditions. First, there are so many houses or manufacturers that participate in the market and none of them have a right to alter the market monetary value. For case, the market for rice in Vietnam is so broad. Regardless of one husbandman has produced 100 more kgs of rice, the rice market monetary value is still maintained the same. This status of each house being so little that they are undistinguished comparative to the market is what makes the MR curve horizontal or absolutely elastic.[ 2 ] Fringy Revenue curve[ 3 ] One house can bring forth a noticeable sum of end product but it is nil compared to the market. As a consequence, the extra end product the house produces can be sold at the same monetary value as smaller measures of end product. Second, it has to be the market where all houses are selling an indistinguishable merchandise produced in the same manner. When all houses produce an indistinguishable merchandise, they are called homogenous merchandises.[ 4 ]The premise about homogenous merchandises means that all houses will sell their merchandises at the same monetary value. If all the merchandises from different houses are indistinguishable, clients will choose houses by taking the lowest monetary value. Any house that set their monetary value higher than others will lose all its clients. Third, there is no limitation to come in or go out the market means that new houses can easy acquire into the industry every bit good as the older houses can acquire out. In long-term, this is really of import. New houses when they try to come in the industry, there is no other manner to vie with other houses beside of lower their monetary value to pull clients. The existing houses must follow the new lower monetary value in order non to lose clients and after that, supranormal net incomes are no more. That is the ground why in long tally, houses merely make adequate net incomes to remain in the concern. Finally, 4th conditions, is that all houses are to the full cognizant of monetary values, the manner of lower cost of production and market chances and clients know all about the monetary value, the quality of the merchandise at all times.[ 5 ]The economic expert called it by perfect cognition or perfect information. Although Perfect Competition does n’t be in any existent economic systems, it is an ideal economic that make the economic become better and more expeditiously. In other words, How to cite Analysis Of Different Types Of Competition Economics Essay, Essay examples

Contract It Comes To Statute Of Limitations â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Contract It Comes To Statute Of Limitations? Answer: Introducation: Contract is a legally binding document which contains a promise where one side of the contracting party undertakes a promise to fulfil to do certain task and the other side of the contracting party undertakes the promise to create legal relations (Latimer, 2012). The contract formation requires presence of certain components, which are the agreement component, i.e., offer and acceptance, followed by elements of consideration, consent, clarity, intention and capacity. In order to create a legally binding contract, there is a need for all of these components to be present, or else, the contract remains non-binding document (Clarke Clarke, 2016). The contract begins when an offer is made by one person to another person, in which the first person offers some conditions or terms to the second party. It is important that clarity is attained between an offer and an invitation to treat (Andrews, 2015). This is because an offer is a part of contract formation and is obligatory to be present for a contract to be valid, but the same is not the case when it comes to an invitation to treat. The offer shows that the parties want to create a contract and thus, have legal liabilities. However, an invitation to treat shows that the person wants to start up the negotiations (Ayres Klass, 2012). The differentiation between these two can be highlighted through different case laws. In Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company [1893] 1 QB 256, the court stated that a unilateral offer had been made as the acceptance could be attained merely by acting upon the offer and the acceptance did not require a communication. However, this is generally not the case and the commercials in the magazines or newspapers are deemed as an invitation to treat as was seen in Partridge v Crittenden [1968] 2 All ER 421. Where an invitation to treat has been made, the party who puts on something for sale, is not bound in a legal manner to fulfil the sale, and this was deemed by the court of law in Partridge v Crittenden [1968] 2 All ER 421 case (Latimer, 2012). The contract formation has another crucial agreement component of acceptance. The acceptance denotes that the party, to which the offer was made, accepts the terms of the offer. The acceptance needs to reach the offering party in a clear manner and a silence on the offer made is not an acceptance as was seen in Felthouse v Bindley (1862) EWHC CP J35 (Stone Devenney, 2017). It is important that the acceptance is properly told to the offer making party and is given on the offer which was made. In other words, if there is a change in the offer made, while the acceptance is being given, it is not considered as an acceptance and instead would be considered by the court as a counter offer. When such happens, the original offer expires as was held in Hyde v. Wrench (1840) 3 Beav 334 (Marson Ferris, 2015). The third requirement for creating a binding contract is the consideration. It is important that the contract has an element of consideration and it needs to have an economic value in it for it to be valid (Latimer, 2012). The context of the particular case decides the economic value component. For instance, the three wrappers were deemed as valid consideration in Chappell Co Ltd v Nestle Co Ltd [1960] AC 87. Another important point about consideration is that it needs to be adequate and not sufficient, and has to move towards the promisor (Mulcahy, 2008). Clarity regarding the terms of the contract is another crucial element in contract formation as it helps in avoiding ambiguity from the contract. There is also a need for the contracting parties to give a free consent to the contract, without the presence of elements like duress, undue influence and the like (Lambiris Griffin, 2016). The next component is that of capacity which denotes the need of the contracting parties to have the proper contracting capacity to enter into legal relations. This is in terms of the party being of sound mind and the parties having a legal age. The parties need to have the legal intention of creating lawful relations and need to know that by entering into the contract, they would be legally bound by it (Latimer, 2012). Contracts can be formed in both written and verbal manner and irrespective of the manner of formation of the contract, both have legal validity. In the written contracts, the terms on which the contract is being formed, is properly elaborated on a document, and the parties sign the contract. In a verbal contract, these very terms are verbally or orally exchanged, i.e., they are communicated in a manner of speaking. Thus, essentially, only the manner of documenting it differs, but both have legal validity in the eyes of law (Mau, 2010). Even though the written and verbal contracts have legal validity, it is always advised to go forward with a written contract and there are different reasons for the same. Amongst the different reasons for opting for a written contract is that it helps in removing the ambiguity regarding the contractual terms, which can otherwise be present in an oral or a verbal contract. One can always refer to the written contract for a particular term being stated and being stated in a particular manner, but the same cannot be done under an oral contract and thus, the nuances of the oral contract often lead to a dispute (Pendragon, 2014). Furthermore, the statutory legislations relating to the interpretation can be applied over the written contracts but the same is not possible for the oral contract as one cannot say for certain what the exact term of the oral contract was (Irby, 2016). Under the written contracts, the rights and obligations of the contracting parties are clearly provided, but the same is again not possible to be determined in a clear manner, particularly in case of a dispute, for an oral contract. Often, the written contracts cover terms that in case of dispute, a particular thing has to be undertaken. This further helps in solving a dispute in a quick manner under a written contract (Pendragon, 2014). Thus, under the oral contract, the chances of resolving the dispute in an amicable manner are not very high as each party keeps on contending that a particular point was not made, a particular point was made different, or the entire verbal contract was never drawn. An example of the verbal contract being denied to be present was the case of McGellin v Mount King Mining NL (1998) 144 FLR 288 (Austlii, 2017). For all such reasons, it becomes preferable to draw up a written contract. Formal contract can be best defined as such contract where the development of these required a specified manner of formation, for them to be enforceable. In general, the formal contract requires the contract to be signed by the contracting parties and be placed under a seal (Miller Cross 2015). There are different kinds of formal contracts, for instance, promissory notes, drafts, certificate of deposits and cheques. Depending upon the particular formal contract, the formalities of it are defined. The formation of a cheque, for instance, requires the stamp of the bank, the signature of the drawing party, the details of the bank and that of the amount for which the cheque is being drawn, and the date of signing the cheque, which makes the cheque valid only for a specified period of time since it was being drawn (Legal Services Commission, 2017). Was a valid contract created in this case, specifically due to the presence or absence of the component of intention? Where a contract was formed, were any remedies available for the non-breaching party? In the first section of this discussion, the different requirements for creating a contract were defined. Amongst these was the intention of the parties, which denotes that the parties are ready to create a binding agreement, which can make them liable legally. It is important that when a contract is being drawn, the parties want to create legal relations. The case of Trevey v Grubb (1982) 44 ALR 20 helps in clarifying the difference between a social and a legal contract. In this case, an entry coupon was filed by the individual on three members of syndicates behalf. The prize stated in the coupon was won but the defendant declined from sharing the prize money and cited that a social contract was present. In order to given the verdict in this case, the court made reliance on the verdict given under Simpkins v Pays [1955] 1 WLR 975 and presented the similarities between the two cases. There also similar thing took place and social context was cited as an excuse. And so, the court stat ed that a clear intention was present in this case, instead of presence of social setting, which led to a legally contract being created in this case. Accordingly, the court ordered the defendant to share the prize money in an equal manner between the three plaintiffs who had together bought the ticket (Gibson Fraser, 2013). A breach of contract takes place when the promise made as per the contract is not fulfilled by the contracting parties. When such happens, the aggrieved party can apply for both equitable and monetary remedies. Application The facts given in the case study of the question, are similar to that of the case of Simpkins v Pays and Trevey v Grubb. In this case also, a social arrangement was being cited as the reason to evade the contract being as a lawfully valid one. However, the similarity between the quoted cases and this case proves that an intention of creating a lawfully binding contract was clearly present in the case study as each of the parties in the case study had made a contribution towards the purchase of the lottery ticket. And so, this would show that the parties indeed wanted to create a contract. The group which purchased the ticket cannot deny sharing of the prize money or else, they would be made liable for a breach of contract. And as per the verdict given in the two quoted cases, the court would order the ticket purchasing group to share the prize money equally with the other groups. To sum it up, it is very clear that a contract had been formed in this case as a result of presence of the intention of creating legal relations between the parties. And based on the quoted cases, the ticket purchasing group would have to share the prize money equally or would be made liable for a breach of contract. Agency law is a common law which regulates over the liability raised from the work of the agent towards the principal, and this liability is raised for the third party, with whom, the agent interacted. The raison d'tre for making the principal liable, stems from the representation of the agent of the principal in front of the third party. Born from this common law is the concept of vicarious liability. As per this concept, the employer is to be made accountable towards a third party for the work done by their employee, as the employee represents the employer in front of such third party. The presence of this concept makes it important to distinguish between an agent and an independent contractor (Thampapillai et al, 2015). An agent is such an individual who works on behalf of the principal and for whose actions, the principal is liable. However, an independent contractor is someone, whose services are undertaken, usually under a contract, for fulfilling a particular task. And for this very task undertaken by them, the liability is their own. The independent contractor use their own equipments to do the task, at the timings which suit them, and in the manner they deem fit. However, when it comes to the agents, the principal provides the equipments, the work hours are regulated by the principal and they have to do the work on the basis of authority provided to them. Due to such control, the principal is made liable and this makes it necessary to differentiate between the agent and an independent contractor (Miller Jentz, 2007). References Andrews, N. (2015). Contract Law (2nd ed.). UK: Cambridge University Press Austlii. (2017). Thomas Paul Mcgellin Ors v Mount King Mining Nl (Acn 060 118 201) Anor [1998] WASC 96 (7 April 1998). Retrieved from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/cases/wa/WASC/1998/96.html?context=1;query=McGellin%20v%20Mount%20King%20Mining%20NL Ayres, I., Klass, G. (2012). Studies in Contract Law (8th ed.). New York: Foundation Press Clarke, P., Clarke, J (2016). Contract Law: Commentaries, Cases and Perspectives (3rd ed.). South Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Gibson, A., Fraser, D. (2014). Business Law 2014 (8th ed.). Melbourne: Pearson Education Australia. Irby, L. (2016). What is a Written Contract When It Comes to Statute of Limitations?. Retrieved from: https://www.thebalance.com/written-contract-961146 Lambiris, M., Griffin, L. (2016). First Principles of Business Law 2016. Sydney: CCH. Latimer, P. (2012). Australian Business Law 2012 (31st ed.). Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. Legal Services Commission. (2017). Paying and collecting a cheque. Retrieved from: https://www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch10s05s02s01.php Legal Services Commission. (2017). Paying and collecting a cheque. Retrieved from: https://www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch10s05s02s01.php Marson, J., Ferris, K. (2015). Business Law (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mau, S.D. (2010). Contract Law in Hong Kong: An Introductory Guide. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. Miller, R., Jentz, G. (2007). Cengage Advantage books: business law today: the essentials (8th ed.). Mason, OH: Thompson Higher Education. Miller, R.L. Cross, F.B. (2015). The Legal Environment Today (8th ed.). Stanford, CT: Cengage Learning. Mulcahy, L. (2008). Contract Law in Perspective (5th ed.). Oxon: Routledge. Pendragon. (2014). The Benefits Of A Written Contract. Retrieved from: https://pendragon.net.au/benefits-written-contract-2/ Stone, R., Devenney, J. (2017). The Modern Law of Contract (12th ed.). Oxon: Routledge. Thampapillai, D., Tan, V., Bozzi, C., Matthew, A. (2015). Australian Commercial Law. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.

Novel Heart of Darkness Essay Example For Students

Novel Heart of Darkness Essay The relationship between the living Conrad and his fictional character Marlow has been analysed repeatedly since the novel was published to try to establish how far the author actually identified with his creation. While it has often been suggested that the narrative can be explained by reference to Conrads own life11, giving the novel an autobiographical emphasis, it could be argued that as a work of fiction the alignment of the authors own opinions with his principle character is irrelevant to the reading of the text itself. However, Marlows role as a narrator reinforces exactly why the presence of Conrad in his writing is both necessary and historically relevant to the novel. We will write a custom essay on Novel Heart of Darkness specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Just as Conrads own experiences on the Congo allowed him to reconstruct and remould his fictional counterpart, so Marlow as the storyteller is able to juxtapose events and impressions to relive a fictional present12. Marlows restructuring of his experiences make the reader aware that some kind of past history, or experience is being poured into the narrative, echoing that of Conrads own as Marlow expresses, it is impossible to convey the life-sensation of any given epoch of ones existence- that which makes its truth, its meaning-its subtle and penetrating essence13. So the reader is simultaneously drawn into the narrative by the historical pull of human experience while being distanced by its fictive barriers. Conrad himself described the story in 1902 as mainly a vehicle for conveying a batch of personal impressions14 while admitting that it could be described as experience pushed a little (and only a very little) beyond the actual facts of the case. This demonstrates the complicated intertwining of fact and fiction involved in the writing of such a novel. While Conrad was able to express his own disillusionment with the systems he had experienced through his representations of Marlow and Kurtz, it can be shown that he is subject to his own criticisms by the very aspect of those experiences. Despite his strongly critical portrayal of white man and colonial victories, Conrad has often been accused of racism in his literature, and evidence of which, (whether conscious, or unconsciously displayed) helps to show why it is therefore difficult to separate a work of literature from its historical source of writing. In Heart of Darkness the allegory for the psychological journey to the heart of the human mind is bound inseparably to the physical one related by Marlow and experienced by Conrad in reality. If the story is to be read only as a metaphor which discovers the horrors and corruption lurking at the bottom of mans heart, the implications of using Africa as an external parallel, for a physical setting to match the inner darkness16reveal that despite Conrads attempts to subvert colonialism he betrays his own prejudices from the outset. While Conrad has been described as a man of his times17 holding prevalent western attitudes such as that primitive people were morally inferior to civilised ones, Marlows corresponding attitudes can be identified by his reaction to the Africans and in particular the cannibals in aligning the two. His sympathy for the black race is reflected in the negative portrayal of white man yet the superficial nature of his sympathies are revealed when he encounters the cannibals. He expresses his horror that there might be some connection between them and himself, admitting Well, you know that was the worst of it- this suspicion of their not being inhuman. Again, it is the undertone of colonial prejudice breaking through the surface gloss of compassion which Conrad has allowed Marlow to display. While he feels sorry for them when he sees them dying, when he sees them healthy, he feels nothing but abhorrence and loathing19. Conrads ambivalent attitudes towards colonialism are therefore revealed not just through Marlows ironic narrative technique but by the underlying tone of colonial prejudices which pervade the imagery of the novel. .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a , .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a .postImageUrl , .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a , .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a:hover , .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a:visited , .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a:active { border:0!important; } .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a:active , .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u63b22150e11c51ec6e3765bd9be1f85a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Eddie and Mickey and evaluates the situation EssayThe stark contrasts of white and black, light and shade, presented in the imagery of the novel function in a very specific way through the designation of roles, the creation and disintegration of stereotypes, and the assertion of hegemonies in the discourse. Conrads portrayal of Africa as the blank space20 on the map which then becomes a place of darkness21 ready for western discovery and domination initiates the assignment of metaphorical colouring. However, as Chinua Achebe pointed out the mystery and shadow cast by Conrads portrayal of Africa was and is the dominant image of Africa in the western imagination22and reinforces Conrads position as a product of this mass consciousness. As the metaphor is extended to the associations of good and evil accompanying this imagery, it is clear that Africa has been consigned to a symbol for an evil and primeval force23 within this westernised structuring of stereotypes. In his portrayal of the African women as like the wilderness itself, with an air of brooding he both places her in the context of colonial domination of land and subordinates her to the depravity associated within the imagery of darkness. While the balance of fiction and fact contributing to Heart of Darkness blur the boundaries between critical commentary and aesthetic or artistically based literature, the novel is constantly subject to the conditions present during its creation. Benita Parrys claim that what Marlow sees belongs not to history but to fantasy may be true but despite Conrads literary and political intentions, his western preconceptions appear to be daubed throughout the novel, particularly in his portrayal of Africa and Africans. The distancing of himself from any direct narrative responsibility almost reinforces the presence of Conrad within the novel and while his authorial role should not direct a reading of the text, his alignment and identification with Marlow does add a dimension to its analysis. Finally, the ambivalence with which the novel approaches attitudes towards colonialism demonstrates how important the respective roles of historical and modernist contexts are in uncovering the complex layering of narrative voices. In this way Heart of Darkness produces a critical reflection on the very forms of consciousness it illuminates25and by doing so self-consciously acknowledges its own debt to historical context, whilst echoing the patterning of past, present and future which create the literary as well as literal temporality both in art and life.

Osmosis Potato Lab Report Biology Essay Example

Osmosis Potato Lab Report Biology Paper If the two solutions are of equal concentrations, they will be isotonic. If the concentrations are unequal, the solution with the higher concentration is hypersonic, and the solution with the lower concentration is hypotonic. What is the solute concentration of potatoes? We can determine this by conducting an experiment in which involves the process of osmosis. Potatoes are full of sucrose used for energy storage in plants. Sucrose is a carbohydrate found in food. It is a disaccharide, with a combination of fructose and glucose. Consumers break sucrose down into two inconsistencies so they can be absorbed more easily onto the blood. Sucrose is too large of a molecule to diffuse through a semi- permeable membrane, and therefore needing to be broken down so they can move in and out of cells effectively. If potatoes are placed in a solute containing sucrose, then a concentration gradient would be present and the process of osmosis would naturally occur by moving water through the semi-permeable membranes. If the concentration of sucrose in the solution is less than the concentration of sucrose found in the potato, then the potato would decrease in mass. We will write a custom essay sample on Osmosis Potato Lab Report Biology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Osmosis Potato Lab Report Biology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Osmosis Potato Lab Report Biology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The opposite would occur as well, if the concentration of sucrose in the elution is more than that of the potato, then the potato would expand and gain in mass. In conducting this as an experiment, we can determine what the solute concentration of potatoes is. Materials The materials used to conduct this experiment are as follows: * Potato * Test-tube Rack * one loom Beaker * One ml Beaker * Distilled Water * Paper Towels * Marker for Test Tubes * 1 mol/L Sucrose Solution * 2 Pipettes * 10 ml Graduated Cylinder * Electronic Balance * Test Tubes * Razor Blade/Scalpel Figure 1. : Cutting of potatoes, weighing of potatoes, and potatoes placed in sucrose solution. In figure 1. 0, we can see that the potatoes were cut with a scalpel into thin slices so they could fit the test tubes appropriately. Then their mass was recorded using the electronic scale. They were placed into the test tubes containing sucrose and were to be left on the test tube rack over a 24 hour radius. The next day, the potato slices were to be taken out and measured again. Safety Considerations It is important for one to be careful using sharp instruments. When there were higher concentrations of sucrose solution, the potato decreased in weight. This is due to the fact that the potato was hypersonic in comparison to the potato. Through osmosis, sucrose from the potato moved along the concentration gradient out and into the test tube making the potato hypotonic. When the potato was distributed into 0. 2 mol/L of sucrose solution, there was no change in weight. This was due to the fact that both were isotonic, and with this, we can infer that the potato contains 0. 2 mol/L of sucrose solution. Discussion and Analysis The percentage of change in mass if the sucrose solution had the same solute concentration as the potato section would be 0%. This is due to the fact that the change in mass occurs in osmosis. Osmosis occurs when an area of higher concentration is trying to get to an area of lower concentration in a semi- ramble solution. If the concentrations are the same, being isotonic, there would be no osmosis occurring, and therefore no change in mass. This occurred when there was a 0. 2 mol/L concentration of the sucrose solution, therefore we can justify that the potato had that same concentration. Figure 1. 4: Graph Results After OH in Solute Concentration With Labeled Hypotonic, Hypersonic, Isotonic The above graph is similar to that of Figure 1. 3, but this has labeled which solutions were hypersonic to the potato cytoplasm, which were hypotonic, and which was isotonic. As the concentration of the sugar increases, the more mass the potatoes would lose. This would make the potato hypersonic. This is because when potatoes are in sugar solution that is of a higher concentration of sugar than the cell sap, (cytoplasm in a plant cell), the water moves out of the cell causing the reduction in mass. Opposite of this, when the potatoes are in a lower sugar concentration than their cell sap, the concentration of water is higher outside the cell so the water moves in the cell causing the potatoes to gain mass through the process of osmosis. This would make the potato hypotonic. When the sucrose solution was at 0. 2 mol/L however, the mass stayed the same because the concentrations were the same. This means that the potato and the sucrose solution were isotonic. Practical Application Fluids that are the same solute concentration as human blood are isotonic. We want this so that cells in our body wont else, or break. If the inside of the cell has less solutes and more solvent, the solvent inside, (water), would diffuse out of the cell by going down the concentration gradient, which would make this hypersonic, causing the blood cells to shrivel and become insufficient. On the other hand, if the inside of the cell has more solutes and less solvent, the solvent outside would diffuse into the cell with the same process potentially causing the blood cell to burst due to it being hypotonic. As mentioned earlier, we know that mass will not change if concentrations of a solute and a solvent are the same, or that are isotonic. If we were to prepare a solute with the same concentration as the potato, 0. 2 mol/L, and to leave it in the solution for 24 hours, we could expect that there would be no change in mass. This being due to the fact that they have he concentrations, and not needing to move along the concentration gradient because they are already of equal concentrations. Grass contains water and the salt does not. When the grass comes into contact with salt, the water escapes and travels into the salt. This is because plant cells have a high concentration of water whereas the salt has low concentrations. Due to osmosis, the water solution in the grass of which is of higher concentration moves to the area of lower concentration in the salt to try to make their concentrations equal. This process in turn causes the grass to dry out and die. Sources of Error Equipment errors include: 100 ml beaker: +/- 0. 05 ml 50 ml beaker: +/- 0. 2 ml 10 ml graduated cylinder: +1-0. 05% 10 ml pipette: 0. 02 ml analytical balance: +/- 0. Eggs Human error could include a variety of things. One could simply read a measurement wrong when filling the test tubes with solution. One could calculate incorrectly by typing in the wrong number. If one fails to put the potatoes into each test tube at the same time, the results could be off ever so slightly. Environmental factors could change results as well, if temperature i s higher than room temperature, osmosis could occur faster than usual. Conclusion In conclusion it was proven that on average, the potatoes that were in the test tube containing little to no sucrose solution gained in mass, and those that were in test tubes containing more or only sucrose had a decrease in mass. Results could have been more accurate if all of the potatoes were placed in each test tube and taken out of each at the exact same time. This would mean that the potatoes would have the same time contacting with the sugar solution. Another way results could have been more accurate would be if each potato was cut into the same shape and size. If the potatoes all had the same mass, then results would be more specific and accurate. It also depends on how the thickness differentiates from potato to potato. If there was one potato thicker than the other, then it may make a difference in how long it takes for the osmosis to occur. If we were to do the experiment again and take the average of both sets of results then it may be more accurate as well. When a plant cell is placed in a solution containing a higher concentration of solute, the water in the cell would move towards the solution. The plant cell would shrink and the flower would wilt.